Cruise Report HE-238, 1. – 11. September 2005

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HE 238 1

Cruise Report HE-238, 1. – 11. September 2005

Re.: 7.3.05, 1-12.9.05, Jnr 05/5472

Chief Scientist: Dr. Meinhard Simon,

Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), University of Oldenburg Aim

The focus of this cruise was on plankton dynamics in the North Sea with a special emphasis on the role of the bacterioplankton and bacteria associated to suspended matter (marine snow) and the oxic sediment surface. We aimed to study the dynamics of phytoplankton at various

conditions, i.e. bloom versus non-bloom conditions, and spatio-temporal patterns in the North Sea. We were particularly interested into two major bacterioplankton groups in the North Sea, the SAR11 clade and a narrow cluster of the Roseobacter group (RCA cluster), and into two bacterial groups associated to marine snow and the oxic sediment surface (SAMMIC Cluster, Myxobacteria).

Cruise track, stations, sampling and parameters studied.

As outlined in Figs. 1 and 2, the cruise track went from Bremerhaven to 59 °N and back south.

We were lucky in hitting a situation with a pronounced plankton bloom in the German Bight and decreasing chlorophyll concentrations towards the North. In total 52 stations were visited at which various hydrographical, chemical and biological measurements, mainly in the water column, were carried out (see Tables on station overview and parameter overview).

Results

In the German Bight, the phytoplankton was dominated by diatoms and further north, at decreasing chlorophyll a concentrations, relatively more dinoflagellates were recorded. The zooplankton was always dominated by copepods but a remarkable feature was that radiolarians were only recorded at station 1374 (56° 40’ N) and further north. The general gradient of decreasing concentrations of suspended matter and chlorophyll a from south to north is depicted on Fig. 3.

With respect to bacterioplankton dynamics we found that the SAR11 clade constituted between 5 and 25% of the total and the RCA cluster between 1 and 8%. Highest fractions both of the SAR11 clade and the RCA cluster appeared at the northern fringe and in the Wadden Sea.

The particle- and sediment associated myxobacteria and SAMMIC cluster constituted always less than 5% of total bacteria, and their occurrence was restricted to the sediment surface (total transect) and the shallow and well mixed Wadden Sea and German Bight.

These data were obtained by quantitative real time PCR with appropriate primer systems specific for the respective target groups.

Conclusions and outlook

An important result of this cruise was that we were able, as hypothesized, to detect the targeted bacterial groups throughout the transect, and it appears that the SAR11 clade and RCA cluster are somehow related to the distribution of the phytoplankton. Even though the SAR11 clade constituted always higher fractions than the RCA cluster, the latter was also a prominent component of the bacterioplankton.

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HE 238 2

To learn more about the seasonal dynamics of these bacterioplankton components it seems to be important to also include other seasonal phases. Therefore, we plan to revisit the stations in May 2006, which will give us the opportunity to complement our data with the seasonally important spring bloom aspect.

Acknowledgements:

We are most grateful to the captain and crew of RV Heincke for their excellent support on shipboard, to the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft for financial support and to the responsible authorities of Denmark and Norway for giving us the permission to do research in the economic zones of their countries.

Participants Affiliation Affiliation

Axe, Sven-Oliver ICBM University of Oldenburg

Badewien, Thomas Institute of Physics University of Oldenburg

Braun, Axel Institute of Physics University of Oldenburg

Brinkhoff, Thorsten ICBM University of Oldenburg

Dellwig, Olaf ICBM University of Oldenburg

Giebel, Helge-Ansgar ICBM University of Oldenburg

Grunwald, Maik ICBM University of Oldenburg

Hauck, Julia Student University of Oldenburg

Lemke, Andreas ICBM University of Oldenburg

Oliver Hofmann Student University of Oldenburg

Simon, Meinhard ICBM University of Oldenburg

Tebben, Jan Student University of Oldenburg

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HE 238 3

Fig. 1: Cruise track HE-238

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HE 238 4

Fig. 2: Satellite image of chlorophyll distribution in the North Sea on Sep 1 2005 (Courtesy of GKSS).

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HE 238 5

Fig. 3: Suspended particulate matter (SPM, upper panel) and chlorophyll a (lower panel) on transects (S – N, N – S) during cruise HE-238. Given are values of the mixed layer (0 m to appr.

20 m depth).

Heincke 238 North Sea

SPM Dry Weight (mg L

-1

)

0 2 4 6 8 10

Latitude N

53 54 55 56 57 58 59

Chlorophyll a (µ g L

-1

)

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Transect S - N Transect N - S

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HE 238 6

Cruise Heincke-238, 1.- 11. September 2005 Station overview

Station Date Time (UTC)

Position N E

Temp 0 m (°C)

Depth (max) (m)

1363 01.09. 12:30 53° 53.459’ 08° 04.143’ 17.6 14

1364 01.09. 13:45 54° 04.877’ 07° 56.029’ 17.6 33

1365 02.09. 06:35 54° 25.314’ 07° 40.733’ 17.2 21

1366 02.09. 09:50 54° 45.918’ 07° 26.847’ 16.9 20

1367 02.09. 13:20 54° 04.788’ 07° 12.620’ 16.6 26

1368 02.09. 16:18 55° 22.057’ 07° 02.021’ 16.5 26

1369 03.09. 06:30 55° 37.974’ 06° 47.046’ 15.9 31

1370 03.09. 10:40 55° 55.000’ 06° 34.848’ 16.0 37

1371 03.09. 13:40 56° 11.995’ 06° 22.971’ 16.0 39

1372 03.09. 16:15 56° 29.970’ 06° 10.043’ 16.5 31

1373 04.09. 06:35 56° 41.900’ 05° 58.032’ 15.6 50

1374 04.09. 09:20 57° 04.080’ 05° 44.975’ 15.7 45

1375 04.09. 13:25 57° 20.025’ 05° 33.040’ 15.0 70

1376 04.09. 16:10 57° 37.015’ 05° 20.049’ 14.8 85

1377 05.09. 06:00 58° 00.360’ 05° 00.412’ 14.1 127

1378 05.09. 11:55 58° 00.051’ 04° 00.061’ 14.8 94

1379 05.09. 17:45 57° 59.933’ 05° 40.111’ 15.5 258

1380 06.09. 06:00 57° 42.850 05° 49.950’ 15.4 137

1381 06.09. 09:00 57° 27.040’ 06° 02.670’ 15.1 84

1382 06.09. 11:20 57° 09.130’ 06° 12.160’ 15.8 63

1383 06.09. 14:45 56° 51.312’ 06° 23.115’ 16.2 47

1384 06.09. 17:00 56° 35.038’ 06° 35.057’ 16.1 30

1385 07.09. 06:05 56° 12.055’ 06° 23.019’ 16.2 40

1386 07.09. 09:15 55°55.475’ 06° 35.422’ 16.7 36

1387 07.09. 11:15 55° 37.914’ 06° 47.163’ 16.7 31

1388 07.09. 14:50 55° 22.032’ 07° 02.071’ 16.8 27

1389 07.09. 17:20 55° 06.014’ 07° 12.683’ 17.4 25

1390 08.09. 6:15 54° 46.132’ 07° 27.121’ 17.3 19

1391 08.09. 09:45 54° 25.406’ 07° 41.001’ 17.6 21

1392 08.09. 20:00 54° 07.034’ 08° 00.276’ 17.9 26

↓ ↓ ↓ 54° 07.034’ 08° 00.276’ hourly CTD Profiles

1403 09.09. 07:00 54° 07.034’ 08° 00.276’ 18.0 26

1404 09.09. 08:20 54° 07.034’ 08° 00.276’ 18.0 26

1405/06 09.09 9/10:25 54° 07.034’ 08° 00.276’ 18.0 26

1407/08 09.09 11:22 54° 07.034’ 08° 00.276’ 18.0 26

1409 09.09 12:50 54° 07.034’ 08° 00.276’ 18.0 26

1410 09.09 14:33 54° 07.034’ 08° 00.276’ 18.2 26

1411 09.09 15:54 54° 07.034’ 08° 00.276’ 18.2 26

1412 09.09 17:0-18:0 54° 07.034’ 08° 00.276’ 18.3 26

1413 09.09. 19:00 54° 07.034’ 08° 00.276’ 18.3 26

1414 09.09. 20:51 54° 07.034’ 08° 00.276’ 18.1 26

1415 10.09. Transect wt CTD in fr of Spiekeroog 18.3-18.9 1416 10.09. Transect wt CTD in fr of Spiekeroog 18.3-18.9 1417 10.09. Transect wt CTD in fr of Spiekeroog 18.3-18.9

1418 10.09. 6:15 53° 48.389’ 07° 36.990’ 18.9 9

1419 10.09. 6:50 53° 48.171’ 07° 35.340’ 18.8 9

1420 10.09. Transect wt CTD to N of Sp’oog 18.8-17.7

1421 10.09. 8:15 53° 50.005’ 07° 38.056’ 17.7 15

1422 10.09. Transect wt CTD to N of Sp’oog 17.7-17.5

1423 10.09. 12:!5 54° 03.021’ 07° 22.087’ 17.5 30

1424 10.09. 16:00 54° 18.590’ 07° 04.589’ 17.6 36

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HE 2387 Overview of sampling depths in the water column, sediment und net tow 55 µm StationDateSampling depths (m)Net tow PhytoplanktonNet tow Zooplankton Water columnSediment 136301.09.0, 16-Diatoms, diverse, Rhizosolenia setigera dominant 136401.09.0, 25, 37+Diatomeenblüte, very diverse, wenige Dinoflagellaten 136502.09.0, 17-Diatomeenblüte, more Dinoflagellaten 136602.09.0, 22+no protocoll 136702.09.0, 22, 28.4-Less than in 1365, but similarCopepods, Noctiluca, Jelly fish 136802.09.0, 15, 27+poor, Dinoflagellates dominateCopepods 136903.09.0, 10, 34-Diverse DiatomsCopepods, Nauplii, Apendiculariens (Fritillaria) 137003.09.0, 15, 35+Rhizosolenia spp, Ceratium spp, Skeletonema spCopepods, Nauplii, Apendiculariens, Chaetognaths 137103.09.0, 15, 30-Rhizosolenia spp, Skeletonema, Ceratium sppCopepods, Nauplii 137203.09.0, 18, 32+Rhizosolenia spp, Skeletonema, Ceratium sppCopepods, Nauplii 137304.09.0, 12, 22, 30, 40, 52-Rhizosolenia spp, Ceratium sppRadiolariens, Mysis/Euphausids, many Copepods, Cladocerans 137404.09.0, 33, 48+ crashRhizosolenia spp, Ceratium sppRadiolariens, Copepods 137504.09.0, 20, 35, 50, 70-Rhizosolenia spp, Ceratium sppRadiolariens, Copepods 137604.09.0, 20, 35, 60, 89-Rhizosolenia spp, Ceratium sppRadiolariens, Copepods 137705.09.0, 10, 30, 45, 80, 125+Rhizosolenia spp, Ceratium sppRadiolariens, Copepods 137805.09.0, 10, 39, 79, Bottom-Rhizosolenia spp, Ceratium sppRadiolariens, Copepods 137905.09.0, 10, 30, 60, 255+Rhizosolenia spp, Ceratium sppRadiolariens, Copepods 138006.09.5, 25, 50-Rhizosolenia spp, Ceratium sppRadiolariens, Copepods 138106.09.10, 34, 48, 85-Rhizosolenia spp, Ceratium sppRadiolariens, Copepods 138206.09.10, 35, 50-Rhizosolenia spp, Ceratium sppRadiolariens, Copepods

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HE 2388 StationDateSampling depths (m)Net tow PhytoplanktonNet tow Zooplankton Water columnSediment 138306.09.10, 35, 42- 138406.09.5, 15, 25-Rhizosolenia, Skeletonema, DinoflagellatesRadiolariens, Copepods 138507.09.0, 15, 30-Rhizosolenia, Skeletonema, DinoflagellatenCopepods, Nauplii, 138607.09.0, 15, 25-Rhizosolenia, Skeletonema, DinoflagellatenCopepods, Nauplii, Cladocerans 138707.09.0, 10, 33-Dinoflagellates (Ceratium spp), Diatoms (Rhizosolenia, Skeletonema, Chaetoceros)

Copepods, Nauplii, Cladocerans, Cephalopodenlarve (?) 138807.09.0, 15, 27-Dinoflagellates(Ceratium spp Diatoms (Rhizosolenia, Skeletonema, Chaetoceros)

Copepods, Nauplii, Cladocerans, 138907.09.No bottle samples-Diverse, Diatoms (Rhizosolenia, Chaetoceros, Eukampia), Dinoflagellates (Ceratium spp, Dinophysis)

Diverse Copepods, Cladocerans, Chaetognates, Medusae 139008.09.2, 12-Diverse, Diatoms, DinoflagellatesCopepods, Appendiculariens etc. 139108.09.0 (for sattelite )-No net tow 139208.09.only CTD-No net tow ↓↓ 140309.09.only CTD-No net tow 140409.09.5, 18, 22, 26-No net tow 1405/0609.09.only CTD-No net tow 140709.09.5, 18, 22, 26-No net tow 140809.09.Multicorer+ 140909.09.only CTD-No net tow 141009.09.5, 18, 22, 26-No net tow 141109.09.only CTD-No net tow

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HE 2389 StationDateSampling depths (m)Net tow PhytoplanktonNet tow Zooplankton Water columnSediment 141209.09.5, 18, 22, 26-very diverse Diatom community, a few Dinoflagellates, high biomass 141309.09.Nur CTD-No net tow 141409.09.5, 18, 22, 26-Nonet tow 1415-1710.09.Nur CTD-No net tow 141810.09.Nur CTD-No net tow 141910.09.0, 8+No net tow 142010.09.Transekt, nur CTD-No net tow 142110.09.0, 13 +No net tow 142210.09.Transekt, nur CTD-No net tow 142310.09.0, 25+No net tow 142410.09.0, 25, 32+No net tow

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HE 23810 Parameter overview water column StationDateSPMChlC/NDNAFISHBP/AA/ GlcMAR- FISHBactPhytoDOCDAA/ DCHOinorg. nutrMetalsGelbstoffMethane 136301.09.+++++++++++++++ 136401.09.+++++++++++++++ 136502.09.++++++-++++++++ 136602.09.++++++-++++++++ 136702.09.++++++-++++++++ 136802.09.+++++++++++++++ 136903.09.++++++-++++++++ 137003.09.++++++-++++++++ 137103.09.++++++-+++++++ 137203.09.++++++-++++++++ 137304.09.+++++++++++++++ 137404.09.++++++-++++++++ 137504.09.++++---++-+-++++ 137604.09.+++++--+++--+++ 137705.09.+++++++++++++++ 137805.09.++++-+-++++-+++ 137905.09.++++++-+++++++ 138006.09.++++---++----++ 138106.09.+++++++++-++-++ 138206.09.++-+---+-++++ 138306.09.+++++++++-+--++ 138406.09.+++---+-++ 138507.09.++++-+-++-+--++ 138607.09.+++---++ 138707.09.+++---++ 138807.09.++++++-++-+++++ 138907.09.---++ 139008.09.++++++-++-++--++ 139108.09.---++ 139208.09.---++

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HE 23811 StationDateSPMChlC/NDNAFISHBP/AA/ GlcMAR- FISHBactPhytoDOCDAA/ DCHOinorg. nutrMetalsGelbstoffMethane ↓↓---++ 140309.09.---++ 140409.09.++++++-++++++++ 1405/0609.09.---++ 140709.09.++++++-++++++++ 1408/0909.09.---++ 141009.09.++++++-++++++++ 141109.09.---++ 141209.09.++++++-++++++++ 141309.09.---++ 141409.09.++++++-++++++++ 141910.09.++++++-++++++++ 142110.09.++++++-++++++++ 142310.09.++++++-++++++++ 142410.09.++++---+-+-++++ Parameter overview sediment StationDatePOCFISHDNABacteriaPore waterGelbstoffe 136401.09.++++++ 136602.09.++++ 136802.09.++++-- 137003.09.++++-- 137203.09.++++-- 137604.09.++++-- 137905.09.++++++ 140809.09.++++++ 141910.09.++++++ 142110.09.++++++ 142310.09.++++++ 142410.09.++++++

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HE 238 12

CRUISE SUMMARY REPORT

FOR COLLATIMG CENTRE USE

Centre: DOD Ref. No.:

Is data exchange

restricted Yes In part

No

SHIP enter the full name and international radio call sign of the ship from which the data were collected, and indicate the type of ship, for example, research ship; ship of opportunity, naval survey vessel; etc.

Name: Heincke Call Sign: HE

Type of ship: Research Vessel

CRUISE NO. / NAME HE 238

CRUISE PERIOD start 01/09/2005 to 11/09/2005 end

(set sail) day/ month/ year day/ month/ year (return to port)

PORT OF DEPARTURE (enter name and country)Bremerhaven, Germany

PORT OF RETURN (enter name and country)Bremerhaven, Germany

RESPONSIBLE LABORATORY enter name and address of the laboratory responsible for coodinating the scientific planning of

the cruise

Name: ICBM, University of Oldenburg Address: POBox 2503, D-26111 Oldenburg Country: Germany

CHIEF SCIENTIST(S) enter name and laboratory of the person(s) in charge of the scientific work (chief of mission) during the cruise.

Dr. Meinhard Simon, ICBM, University of Oldenburg

OBJECTIVES AND BRIEF NARRATIVE OF CRUISE enter sufficient information about the purpose and nature of the cruise so

as to provide the context in which the report data were collected.

To study bacterioplankton dynamics in the the North Sea

PROJECT(IF APPLICABLE) if the cruise is designated as part of a larger scale cooperative project (or expedition), then enter the name of the project, and of organisation responsible for co-ordinating the project.

Project name:

Coordinating body:

enter the unique number, name or acronym assigned to the cruise (or cruise leg, if appropriate).

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HE 238 13

PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATORS:Enter the name and address of the Principal Investigators responsible for the data collected on the cruise and who may be contacted for further information about the data. (The letter assigned below against each Principal Investigator is used on pages 2 and 3, under the column heading ‘PI‘, to identify the data sets for which he/she is responsible)

A. Dr. Meinhard Simon B. Dr. Olaf Dellwig

MOORINGS, BOTTOM MOUNTED GEAR AND DRIFTING SYSTEMS

This section should be used for reporting moorings, bottom mounted gear and drifting systems (both surface and deep) deployed and/or recovered during the cruise.

Separate entries should be made for each location (only deployment positions need be given for drifting systems). This section may also be used to report data collected at fixed locations which are returned to routinely in order to construct ‘long time series‘.

APPROXIMATE POSITION DESCRIPTION

LATITUDE LONGITUDE

PI See top of

page. deg min N/S deg min E/W

DATA TYPE enter code(s) from list on

cover page.

Identify, as appropriate, the nature of the instrumentation the parameters (to be) measured, the number of instruments and their depths, whether deployed and/or recovered, dates of deployments and/or recovery, and any identifiers given to the site.

Please continue on separate sheet if necessary

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HE 238 14

SUMMARY OF MEASUREMENTS AND SAMPLES TAKEN

Except for the data already described on page 2 under ‘Moorings, Bottom Mounted Gear and Drifting Systems‘, this section should include a summary of all data collected on the cruise, whether they be measurements (e.g. temperature, salinity values) or samples (e.g. cores, net hauls).

Separate entries should be made for each distinct and coherent set of measurements or samples. Different modes of data collection (e.g. vertical profiles as opposed to underway measurements) should be clearly distinguished, as should measurements/sampling techniques that imply distinctly different accuracy’s or spatial/temporal resolutions. Thus, for example, separate entries would be created for i) BT drops, ii) water bottle stations, iii) CTD casts, iv) towed CTD, v) towed undulating CTD profiler, vi) surface water intake measurements, etc.

Each data set entry should start on a new line – it’s description may extend over several lines if necessary.

NO, UNITS : for each data set, enter the estimated amount of data collected expressed in terms of the number of ‘stations‘; miles‘ of track; ’days‘ of recording; ‘cores‘ taken; net ‘hauls‘; balloon ‘ascents‘; or whatever unit is most appropriate to the data. The amount should be entered under ‘NO‘ and the counting unit should be identified in plain text under ‘UNITS‘.

DESCRIPTION PI

see page

2 NO see above

UNITS see above

DATA TYPE Enter code(s)

from list on cover page

Identify, as appropriate, the nature of the data and of the instrumentation/sampling gear and list the parameters measured. Include any supplementary information that may be appropriate, e. g. vertical or horizontal profiles, depth horizons, continuous recording or discrete samples, etc. For samples taken for later analysis on shore, an indication should be given of the type of analysis planned, i.e. the purpose for which the samples were taken.

A 122 39 H09 see attached Table and map (track chart)

A 133 39 H10 see attached Table and map (track chart)

A 122 36 B02 see attached Table and map (track chart)

A 84 28 B06 see attached Table and map (track chart)

B 84 28 H30 see attached Table and map (track chart)

Please continue on separate sheet if necessary

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HE 238 15

TRACK CHART: You are strongly encouraged to submit, with the completed

report, an annotated track chart illustrating the route followed and the points where measurements were taken.

Insert a tick(aa) in

this box if a track

chart is supplied

GENERAL OCEAN AREA(S): Enter the names of the oceans and/or seas in which data were collected during the cruise – please use commonly recognised names (see, for example, International Hydrographic Bureau Special Publication No. 23, ‘Limits of Oceans and Seas‘).

North Sea

SPECIFIC AREAS: If the cruise activities were concentrated in a specific area(s) of an ocean or sea, then enter a description of the area(s). Such descriptions may include references to local geographic areas, to sea floor features, or to geographic coordinates.

Please insert here the number of each square in which data were collected from the below given chart

215

see above