• No results found

The Energy in the Arctic

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2022

Share "The Energy in the Arctic"

Copied!
2
0
0

Laster.... (Se fulltekst nå)

Fulltekst

(1)

01

234564ÿ289ÿ6853825682ÿ32568ÿ36ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ2ÿÿ6ÿ

ÿ

ÿ !" # $%ÿ & "ÿ ' ÿ (# )' & )

*+,-./0ÿ-22*3,43,ÿ*5678

9:;ÿ;=>ÿ?@AB:Aÿ9C:D>@E:BFÿGHÿIG@JKFLÿ;@GMENLÿIG@JKF

OPQÿSTUVWVXUYÿZVY[XSWP\ÿ]X^\S^ÿ_TS\SU\S`QÿaZ]_bÿcXdWXUeÿSfÿed`STWÿST\dÿS\fÿgTUYÿcPUfQfhÿUTiÿZ]_ÿf^PdYUXfÿUXQÿYddjSTWÿ

\dkUXifÿgTiSTWÿTQkÿUTiÿ^dT\STVQiÿflTQXWSQfÿ[Q\kQQTÿ\PQSXÿXQfQUX^PÿQmdX\fnÿOPQÿUX\S^YQfÿSTÿ\PSfÿSffVQÿdoÿ\PQÿpqrstrÿ vwxÿywszqwvst{wv|ÿ}z|vst{w~ÿzqtz~ÿ@>€@>E>CBÿB=>ÿ>A>‚‚>CBÿJG@ƒÿ„GC>ÿ…FÿEA=G‚K@EÿAGCB@:…†B:C‡ÿBGÿB=>ÿB=>M>ÿGHÿˆ>C>@‡F‰ÿ odXÿ\PQÿZ]_ÿcXdŠQ^\nÿOPSfÿ^dYYQ^\SdTÿQ‹QecYSgQfÿTd\ÿdTYlÿ\PQÿZ]_ÿ\QUeŒfÿiS`QXfQÿUccXdU^PQfÿ\dÿQTQXWlÿ[V\ÿUYfdÿ\PQÿ]X^\S^ÿ

@>E>K@A=>@Eÿ>C>@‡FÿKC„ÿ„>„:AKB:GCÿBGÿEA=G‚K@E=:€ÿ:BE>‚HŽÿ;=:EÿDG‚†M>ÿ€@>E>CBEÿB=>ÿ:C„>€>C„>CBLÿ:C„:D:„†K‚ÿ€@G>ABEÿ [lÿfdeQÿdoÿ\PQÿZ]_ÿf^PdYUXfnÿOPdVWPÿQU^PÿUV\PdXÿUiiXQffQfÿ\PQÿSffVQÿdoÿQTQXWlÿoXdeÿUÿiSmQXQT\ÿcQXfcQ^\S`Qhÿ\PQSXÿ

^de[STQiÿQmdX\fÿ\QYYÿUÿ^decXQPQTfS`Qÿf\dXlÿU[dV\ÿQTQXWlÿSTÿ\PQÿ]X^\S^ÿUTiÿ\PQÿkUlfÿSTÿkPS^PÿQTQXWlÿSffVQfÿkSYYÿYSjQYlÿ

„>D>‚G€ÿ:CÿB=>ÿH†B†@>Ž

BÿJKEÿCGBÿKÿHG@>‡GC>ÿAGCA‚†E:GCÿB=KBÿE†A=ÿ„:D>@E>ÿ@>E>K@A=ÿ€@G>ABEÿJG†‚„ÿAGK‚>EA>ÿ:CÿE†A=ÿKÿJKFÿB=KBÿBG‡>B=>@ÿB=>Fÿ AG†‚„ÿ€@GD:„>ÿKÿJ>‚‚‘@G†C„>„ÿKC„ÿ:CE:‡=BH†‚ÿD:>Jÿ:CBGÿB=>ÿ@G‚>ÿGHÿ>C>@‡Fÿ:CÿB=>ÿ?@AB:AŽÿ;=>ÿDG‚†M>ÿ:Eÿ„:D:„>„ÿ:CBGÿB=@>>ÿ iSmQXQT\ÿfQ^\SdTfhÿ\QYYSTWÿiSmQXQT\ÿcUX\fÿdoÿ\PQÿ]X^\S^ÿQTQXWlÿf\dXlnÿOPQÿgXf\ÿfQ^\SdTÿUiiXQffQfÿ’“Sf\QTSTWÿUTiÿ“QUXTSTW”ÿ KC„ÿHGA†E>EÿGCÿB=>ÿ:M€G@BKCA>ÿGHÿAGMM†C:BFÿ>C‡K‡>M>CBÿKC„ÿAGCE†‚BKB:GCÿJ:B=ÿ‡GD>@CM>CBÿKC„ÿ:C„†EB@FÿBGÿ>CE†@>ÿ

\PU\ÿUYYÿ`dS^QfÿUXQÿU\ÿ\PQÿTQWd\SU\STWÿ\U[YQÿkPQTÿQTQXWlÿTQQifÿUTiÿSffVQfÿUXQÿU\ÿf\UjQÿSTÿ\PQÿ]X^\S^nÿOPQÿgXf\ÿUX\S^YQÿSTÿ B=:EÿE>AB:GCÿ…FÿIGG@ÿ•G=CEGCÿ@>D>K‚EÿB=>ÿA=K‚‚>C‡>Eÿ:CDG‚D>„ÿ:Cÿ>CE†@:C‡ÿK„>–†KB>ÿAGMM†C:BFÿAGCE†‚BKB:GCÿJ=>@>…Fÿ kPU\ÿSfÿXQ—VSXQiÿ[lÿYUkÿSfÿTd\ÿUYkUlfÿXQ˜Q^\QiÿSTÿcXU^\S^QfÿdTÿ\PQÿWXdVTinÿ™PQÿoVX\PQXÿXQ˜Q^\fÿVcdTÿeQ^PUTSfefÿ

\PU\ÿ^dVYiÿSecXd`Qÿ\PQÿ^dTfVY\U\SdTÿcXd^Qffhÿ\dÿ\PQÿ[QTQg\ÿdoÿUYYÿ^dT^QXTQinÿšUXSUÿOlfSU^PTSdVjÿQ‹UeSTQfÿ[QTQg\›ÿ fPUXSTWÿcXU^\S^Qfÿ[Q\kQQTÿQ‹\XU^\SdTÿSTiVf\XSQfÿUTiÿYd^UYÿ^deeVTS\SQfhÿUTiÿ^dT^YViQfÿ\PU\ÿ[QTQg\fÿUXQÿTd\ÿTQWd\S‘ U\QiÿQ—VUYYlÿdXÿQ`QTYlÿUedTWf\ÿ_TiSWQTdVfÿ^deeVTS\SQfÿSTÿ\PQÿœVffSUTÿZQiQXU\SdTnÿ™PQÿSiQT\SgQfÿiSmQXQT\ÿ\lcQfÿdoÿ [QTQg\›fPUXSTWÿcXU^\S^QfÿUTiÿiSf^VffQfÿ\PQÿkUlfÿSTÿkPS^Pÿ_TiSWQTdVfÿWXdVcfÿeUlÿSTiQQiÿ[QÿPUXeQiÿ[lÿfdeQÿdoÿ\PQÿ K@@KC‡>M>CBEŽÿ?CC>ÿ>@@:‚„ÿžKCE>CÿH†@B=>@ÿ>€‚G@>EÿB=>ÿ@>‚>DKCA>ÿGHÿAGCE†‚BKB:GCÿ…Fÿ>KM:C:C‡ÿ€@GA>EE>EÿGHÿ:M€KABÿ KEE>EEM>CBEÿ:CÿB=>ÿAKE>ÿGHÿŸ@>>C‚KC„Lÿ„@KJ:C‡ÿ†€GCÿ>€>@:>CA>EÿH@GMÿ?‚KEƒKLÿJ=:A=ÿ=KEÿE:M:‚K@ÿEGA:K‚ÿEB@†AB†@>EÿBGÿ

\PdfQÿSTÿ XQQTYUTinÿ¡UTfQTÿVfQfÿfd^SUYÿiSfXVc\SdTÿUTiÿ[dde¢[Vf\ÿ\PQdXSQfÿ\dÿUffQffÿ\PQÿ[QTQg\fÿUTiÿcd\QT\SUYÿdoÿ :M€KABÿKEE>EEM>CBEÿ:CÿŸ@>>C‚KC„Ž

;=>ÿC>BÿE>AB:GCÿ:EÿAGCA>@C>„ÿJ:B=ÿB=>ÿC>BÿEBK‡>ÿKC„ÿ>KM:C>EÿK€€@GKA=>EÿBGÿˆ:M€‚>M>CB:C‡‰ÿ>C>@‡FÿG€B:GCEÿ:CÿB=>ÿ

?@AB:AŽÿŸ@>‡ÿ£G>‚¤>@ÿ‚GGƒEÿKBÿB=>ÿG€B:GCEÿ‡GD>@CM>CBEÿKC„ÿAGMM†C:B:>Eÿ=KD>ÿ:CÿM>>B:C‡ÿB=>:@ÿ>C>@‡Fÿ@>–†:@>M>CBEÿ J=:‚>ÿM:B:‡KB:C‡ÿK‡K:CEBÿA‚:MKB>ÿA=KC‡>ÿKC„ÿ>€‚G@>Eÿ@>C>JK…‚>ÿ>C>@‡FÿG€B:GCEÿHG@ÿ?@AB:AÿAGMM†C:B:>EŽÿž>ÿHGA†E>Eÿ GCÿB=>ÿ>€>@:>CA>EÿGHÿIG@B=>@Cÿ¥KEƒKBA=>JKCÿKC„ÿB=>ÿ€@GD:CA:K‚ÿ‡GD>@CM>CBEÿAGMM:BM>CBÿBGÿ@>„†A>ÿB=>ÿ€@GD:CA>Eÿ

@>‚:KCA>ÿGCÿCGC‘@>C>JK…‚>ÿ>C>@‡Fÿ@>EG†@A>EÿJ=:‚>ÿ:CA@>KE:C‡ÿC„:‡>CG†EÿAGMM†C:BFÿJ>‚‚‘…>:C‡ÿB=@G†‡=ÿA‚>KC>@ÿ>C‘

>@‡FÿG€B:GCEŽÿŸJ>Cÿ£ŽÿžG‚„MKCCÿMKƒ>EÿB=>ÿAKE>ÿHG@ÿƒCGJ‚>„‡>ÿ>€G@Bÿ:C„†EB@:>Eÿ„@KJ:C‡ÿ†€GCÿB=>ÿ>€>@:>CA>EÿKC„ÿ

ƒCGJ‚>„‡>ÿ‡>C>@KB>„ÿH@GMÿB=>ÿ‡>GB=>@MK‚ÿ@>EG†@A>ÿ„>D>‚G€M>CBÿ:CÿA>‚KC„Žÿ¥=>ÿK@‡†>EÿB=KBÿB=>ÿE=K@:C‡ÿGHÿE†A=ÿ

ƒCGJ‚>„‡>ÿ€@GD:„>EÿC>JÿG€€G@B†C:B:>EÿHG@ÿEMK‚‚ÿAGMM†C:B:>Eÿ‚GGƒ:C‡ÿHG@ÿ…>BB>@ÿ>C>@‡FÿG€B:GCEŽÿ¦K†@Kÿ¥GƒƒKÿMKƒ>Eÿ

†EÿB=:CƒÿA@:B:AK‚‚FÿK…G†BÿB=>ÿJKFEÿ:CÿJ=:A=ÿJ>ÿ>€‚G@>ÿ@>C>JK…‚>ÿ>C>@‡FÿG€B:GCELÿHGA†E:C‡ÿGCÿHG@>EBÿ…:GMKEEÿKEÿKÿ@>‘

C>JK…‚>ÿK‚B>@CKB:D>ÿB=KBÿ=KEÿ…GB=ÿ€GE:B:D>ÿKC„ÿC>‡KB:D>ÿ:M€KABEŽÿ§:B=G†Bÿ„>D>‚G€:C‡ÿB=:Eÿ@>EG†@A>ÿ:CÿKÿ…K‚KCA>„ÿKC„ÿ

(2)

00

123ÿ5678ÿ963ÿ9ÿ3738ÿ7ÿ123ÿ61

ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ!ÿ"ÿ#$ÿ!$#ÿ#!$ÿ#!ÿ"ÿ!!ÿÿ

"%ÿ%ÿ#"ÿ#%&ÿ

'()ÿ+,-.ÿ/)0123,ÿ.334/ÿ-1ÿ),)567ÿ2,ÿ1()ÿ850120ÿ2,ÿ953-:)5ÿ1)5;/<ÿ=53;ÿ2,1)5,-123,-.ÿ.->ÿ13ÿ),)567ÿ-,:ÿ),?253,;),1-.ÿ

#!&ÿ@A!ÿBC!ÿB%DÿE"ÿÿ"#ÿÿÿF$ÿGHÿ#$ÿ! ÿÿ#"ÿÿ%I

!ÿÿÿF$ÿJÿKLÿÿÿMÿÿÿGÿNFJKMOGPÿÿ"#ÿA!$#ÿL!ÿÿÿ$!$ÿ #ÿ"ÿQ&ÿR%ÿÿF$ÿGÿÿ"$ÿ$ÿ!%"ÿÿÿ#ÿÿÿ#"ÿÿ!ÿ 13ÿ1()ÿ03,?),123,<ÿS-6,T//3,ÿ-56U)/ÿ1(-1ÿ1()ÿV,21):ÿW1-1)/ÿ,)?)51().)//ÿ9),)+1/ÿ;35)ÿ97ÿX32,2,6ÿ1(2/ÿ2;Y351-,1ÿ

"#"ÿÿ!ÿ&ÿZÿ[ÿ\ÿÿ\ÿÿÿÿL$ÿÿ!%ÿ$ÿL!"ÿ$ÿ )03,3;20ÿ/)0U5217<ÿ-,:ÿ(3>ÿ1()/)ÿ1),/23,/ÿY31),12-..7ÿY.-7ÿ3U1ÿ-1ÿ:2])5),1ÿ.)?)./ÿ3=ÿ-,-.7/2/ÿ^ÿ=53;ÿ1()ÿ2,:2?2:U-.ÿ-,:ÿ

#""ÿÿÿÿ$ÿÿ!ÿ$"&ÿ[ÿ!%ÿÿ$!$%ÿ!%ÿ#!ÿÿÿR!##ÿ"ÿ

\%ÿ!ÿÿLÿ$ÿ!!ÿÿR!##ÿ#""ÿÿÿÿÿ"ÿÿÿÿÿ"ÿÿ +,:ÿ1()ÿ9)/1ÿ9-.-,0)ÿ2,ÿ),)567ÿY3.207_

[ÿÿ$ÿÿÿR!##ÿÿÿ!L!ÿ`#!ÿÿÿ"aÿ!ÿ#"ÿ#%ÿÿ##!$&ÿb!%ÿ#!ÿ

$ÿÿE!#ÿ\$ÿÿ#%ÿÿÿ#"ÿ$ÿÿ$#ÿR!##ÿÿ$ÿ#""ÿ"\ÿ!%!$%ÿ !ÿ!%ÿ&ÿcÿL"ÿ"ÿÿE!ÿ"!ÿ%ÿÿ"\%ÿÿ$#dÿ!"ÿ#!%ÿ 3U5ÿU,:)5/1-,:2,6ÿ3=ÿ03;;U,217ÿ,)):/ÿ1(53U6(ÿ03,/U.1-123,ÿ-,:ÿ=-25ÿ-,:ÿ)eU21-9.)ÿY5-0120)/ÿ2,ÿ/(-52,6ÿ1()ÿ9),)+1/ÿ ÿÿ!%ÿ##ÿÿ!\%ÿÿ%!$ÿÿ!%ÿÿÿ!%ÿ!&ÿcÿ$#ÿLÿ #ÿ!%ÿÿ$ÿ!ÿ"#&ÿcÿÿ"#ÿÿ!ÿ$L"ÿÿ%ÿ%!"ÿ

$ÿ#!ÿÿÿR!##ÿÿÿÿÿLÿÿR!##ÿ#""ÿ$ÿÿÿ!ÿ#$!$ÿ%!ÿÿ ÿ%I!"ÿ!LLÿÿÿ!!"ÿ!%ÿÿÿ&ÿ

fghijklmnopmiqr

Bÿ\ÿÿÿZ!%ÿR!##ÿ[Lÿ#!ÿÿLÿ#!$ÿÿÿ#ÿ$ÿÿÿFL!ÿ ÿs%ÿ!ÿ!%ÿÿ"!ÿ$L!&ÿ

tuvwxyzÿ|}}~v€vÿt‚ƒ„ÿ†‡ÿˆ‰Š‹Œ‡‡Š‰ÿŠ‹ÿŽŒ‰Ž†ŠŽ‘ÿ’Œ‘†ŠŽ‡ÿ“ˆŠ‘††”‘ÿ•”†ŒŽ”Œ–ÿÿ—Œÿ˜Ž†™Œ‰‡†šÿŠ‹ÿ›‰Šœ‡ÿžÿ›—ŒÿŸ‰”†”ÿ

˜Ž†™Œ‰‡†šÿŠ‹ÿ Š‰¡š¢

Referanser

RELATERTE DOKUMENTER

Red lines indicate the mean mercury concentrations in East Greenland polar bear brain stem that were associated with lower N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor levels and

Net mercury deposition to the Arctic as modelled by GRAHM (above) and GLEMOS (below) for 2005 and 2020 according to the three future emissions scenarios, showing the

Some of the most important foods, such as those derived from marine mammals and predatory fish species, often have elevated concentrations of contaminants which can lead to

Reducing human and environmental exposure to mercury in the Arctic will ultimately depend on global action to reduce the quantities of mercury entering the..

Chapter 7 To What Extent will Projected Changes in Global Emissions Affect Mercury Levels in the Arctic Atmosphere and Ocean?.. How are anthropogenic mercury emissions likely to

GEM fluxes and atmospheric mercury concentrations (GEM, RGM and HgP) in the Canadian Arctic at Alert, Nunavut, Canada (February-June 2005).. Duarte

This report presents the findings of the Snow, Water, Ice and Permafrost in the Arctic (SWIPA): Climate Change and the Cryosphere assessment performed by the Arctic Monitoring and

• Most attempts to simulate the response of Arctic glaciers to future climate change involve evaluation of the response of the surface mass balance to prescribed changes in climate