F I S K E R I D I R E K T O R A T E T S S K R I F T E R
S e r i e H a v u n d e r s e r k e l s e r
(Report on Norwegian Fishery and Marine Znvestigatio?zsf Vol. X I . N o . 5
P u b l i s h e d b y t h e D i r e c t o r of F i s h e r i e s
THERAGRA FINNMARCHICA N. SP.
G A D U S P O U T A S S O U , R I S S O R A I A S P I N I C A U D A , J E N S E N
EUMICROTREMUS SPINOSUS SUBSPEC. NOV. EGGVINII
1 9 5 6
A/S JOHN GRIECS BOKTRYKKERI, BERGEX
Theragra fitlnrnarchica, n. sp. A fish caught off Berlevag allied to the Alaskan pollack, Theragra
chalcogramrna Pallas from the Bering Sea.
PI. I and TI.
T h e Fisheries Acll-isor Gtlnnnr Rolleisen detected i n tlre ~riiddle of May 1932 ai~rong the fishes lancled in Berlevaag, Finnmark. 3 strange specirilens wit11 navy-ljlue color on the back and silver-white on the .i-ent. H e l)reservecl 2 speri~ilells and has kindly presented them t o me.
BotIi ]lave the length of nearly half a meter. One specimen is inale with w~ell cdeveloped testes. T h e fished have a slender shape, t h e height 5% to 6 in Ijocly leugtl~. T h e 11eight of caudal pedrrncle is 22.0 and 22.8 i n bodj length. Anus is situated below the interspace betweel1 Dl and D2. T h e pectorals rearh also below this interspace and end over t h e origin of AI Ijut not farther. T h e ventrals reach a vertical b e l o ~ c the nriddle of Dl. T h e dorsal;; are separated, tlre anals likewise. T h e caudal is Innate. T h e l a ~ e r a l line forms a n arc11 and continues from below D, i n the middle of tlre body. T h e length of t h e head is 3% to f
i n the length of body, snout is 3 and eye is 5 to 5%, i n length of head.
The m a n d i l ~ l e p r o t ~ n d e s beyond t h e upper jaw and has a minute barhel.
Tlre teetlr i n npper jaw form a narrow l ~ r u s h with a row sf larger teeth outside. A row of teeth on t h e mandible, anteriorly small, posteriorly larger. T o teetlr on palatina. T h e vorner has 2 to 3 rows of small acate teeth. T h e gill ~ n e ~ n b r a n e s are coalesced below. T h e first gill arch has 5 gill rakers above t h e angle, 33 below. Appendices pyloricae are nmnerous. Besides the 01,servation by Mr. Rollefsen, that the back was na~y-11lue and t h e vent silverwlrite, i t is even 110\47 evident that the pectorals have I ~ e e n dark, certainly dark blue and also faint indications o i a marbled colour on t l ~ e foremost part of t h e body ancl two dark
$tripes along t h e tail are visil3le.
Dl 13; D2 16-17: D3 18-20; A1 19-20: A2 19-20; P 19 rays.
Scales c\-cloid, iml)ricate, l~etween D, and lin. lat. 22-24 with 8 growth Lones. TI& is t h e only scale counting, whiclr 1 have found possihly to pet exactly for con~parison; Vertebrae 51 przcaudal 18.
11 113ay especiallj 11e mentioned, t h a t tlie surface of tlie suboperculrinr is vaulted, ossified, llard and stout ancl that postclavicula is cluh-shaped.
Fig. I. Po~tclavicnla.
1. Theragra chalcogramma, Pallas 60 cni 1/1.
2. Tlieragra finnmarchica, n, sp. 50 c m 211.
3. Gaclus pollaclii~~s. L 211.
Th. Kasrnusse~i del.
Its Lower part is slencler, weakly pointed, but its clorsal or proxiilia1 part is nearly ynadrangular ~vitla th e upper corners rouiidecl ;uiicl foritling :I right angle with t h e slel~cler stalk. T h e sides of the proxinial part art.
vaulted, so t h a t the ivory hard head of the chtl) is --t inm tliicli (fig. I ) . I n Gaclzcs pollc~chiz~s of t h e same size t h c proximal part of postclavi- rnla is formed as a spatula nearly meinbranaceous al)out 1 rum tliiclc.
According t o this description t h e appealsnce of the fish sl3o~rs soxllc resemblance with the illustrations of t h e Alaskan pollacl; as in L L C \ ~ 1899 pl. XIIT and i n S O L D ~ T O V and LINDBERG 1930 13. 513 fig. 74.
T h e character of postclavicula and sul~operculmn especially direct*
the mind towards Tizerrtgra froin Tlie B e r i ~ i g Sea. FREDEKIC A. LUCAS writes in his note o n p. 486 i n J 0 ~ o . i ~ and GII,EEBT ~ ' r h c fishes of Berirzg Sen.. Rept. Fur Seal Invest. 111 1899: ,(The Alaslsa~l pollacli differs froill tlie Atlantic pollack
. . . .
Tlle greatest differences I~ctw~een the two species however, a r r to 11e found i n tlle gill covers, for the sub- operculum of t h e Alaskan pollack is thick, snlootli and deiise, instead of 1)eing thin and scluamous. Tlie postc,lavicle is also siiililar in structure, while its proximal portion is sul3circular i n t h e Alaskan species and rliomboidal in tlie Atlantic. This ivory-like character of tile snboper-culxtm and postcia~icle is so marked (ill tlie Alaslian form) that i t ser'iea to distingttisli tllese bones a t a glance being entirely different from what i' founci i n t h e correspoliding ],ones of other gadoids
. . . . ),
J O R I ) ~ and E ~ E R M A U 1898 I11 p. 2535 reniarlr he same and add:
(<The Alaslian Pollack farther differs froin time Atlantic Pollacli i n having 1'9 precauclal vertebrae and 33 caudal,), as tlie two fishes from Finnmark xinsteacl of 23 I~recanc~als ancl 32 candals,. Finally SCHULTZ and WELANDER
t 1935 1). 129) note: ~~Sul,opercle and postclavicle swollen, ivory-like i n adolts (Imt norinal i n J oung)
,).
It nlay he curious if Therc~gra appears off the coast of Filmmark.
~ v h e n according to Russian ichthyologists i t is not fished along the whole Northern coast of Asia. That sporadic occurenee of other species may exist is noted l,y SCHMIDT and A ~ D R I A S H ~ \ ~ (1935 pp. 57 & 60) i n three exaniplej ilamely Heri7itripterzes ccinericanr~s, Ginelin or 11. villosus, Pailas, Stichaerts ptirtctatus, Fabriciz~s and Erin~~sogranzirzus praeciszrs, Kr9yc.r.
i\ileanwhile Dr. ARTHUR D. WELANDER very kindly sent me some sinall Thercegrcc from t h e Bering Sern for cornparison. Tile specil~iens agreed well wit11 the Norwegian fislles except that the eye was relatively larger, possil>ly clue to age.
Dr. Welancler continnetl inost lrinclly llis persevering efforts ancl ha- now procurecl me a fine specinlen of Tlzercigrci of 60 cm.
I n this t h e ej-e goes 4.5 times i n the head against 4.9 and 5.4 i n the Finnnlark fishes. SCIIULTZ and T ~ E L ~ N D E R (1935 p. 129) have alreadj stated t h e ((eye 3.3 to 4.7 i n head, larger than i n any other cod in this legion^. I n the litterat~xre tliere are s0111e diverging statements on this proportion.
I n ((A contril~ution to t h e ichtflylogy of klaska, 1873 p. 30 cop^
writes t h a t t h e eye i n Gadzcs periscopzcs, ideirtical with Therngra chcrlco- grrrrnrrzci, goes 4.5 times i n t h e heacl. JORDAN and GILBERT i n ((Synopsi.
of t h e fishes of IVortll Americas 1882 p. 807 note ((eye large
. . . .
4 in Ileaci,). but the same authors i n ((The fishes of Bering Sea. 1899 p. 486 ( ( e l e 5,). J o n o ~ l c and EVERRIAX i n (<Fishes of Nortlr and Middle An~erics)) part 111 1898 p. 2535 state ? E y e 5 i n heads 1~1tt 3 lines below ((eye large. . . .
3 i n Ilcacl,) jnst the same as in the al~ove ~l~entionecl synopsis. F n r t h e ~ the e j e goes 0111~- 3.5 tiines i n the head accordiilg to fig. 11 pl. IV i n the ([Irnpor~ant food fishes from the trawling grouncls off the coast of the rnaritinle ( S i l ~ e r i a ) z. Ball. gov. cxp. st. Chosen 1936.Another charactel.. ~ v h i c h cansecl some tmcertainty was the dentition.
P ~ L L ~ S (1831, I11 p. 198) writes adentes acicularis i n inaxillis, dnah-ixs lineis palati,) and i n a fish i n tIlc Zoological Riluse~zm in Copenhagen labelled as Pollc~clzizes cl~crlcograi7~rnes and ineasuring 169 min from Un- nlasltlza April 1st 1896 t h e palatina were toothbearing so far I coulcI
o l ~ s e r ~ e without clisseciion on the single specinien i n this musctiim. J O R U LA
& EVEHMA\ 1898 p. 2536 note, however. for Th~ragrrc f z ~ c r r ~ s i s {(palatine..
tootlilesss and i a the five Th~ragrcr whicli x 7 ~ ~ 4 \ ~ h ~ liindlj- has seiit.
the palatines were witho~xt teeth. Thc ~neasurenteats of these fire are collected i n a table. Besides t h e size of t h e eye i t is obvious that the caudal peduncle i n the speciinen 600 ~llrn is narrower tllali i n t h e Fian- mark fishes nainely 3.3 CI;, of the 11ody length as against 2.2 and 4.4, or tlie caudal peduncle goes 30 times against 22 and 23 tinies in the 11od:
lengtli. 111 tllc small specimens the caudal peduncle Itas nearly the sanie shape as i n tile Finnlnark fishes. T h e coloru. i n tlie large speci~llen is 5ery well preserved. Below t h e first and second dorsal the skin is iiiottled wit11 clarli spots encircled 11y a bright ring, wliich below tlie third dorsal and towards the caudal fiii are arranged i n two dark stripes clorsallj and ventrally for [ h e lateral line. A I ~ l u n ~ papilla I~efore th e anus is indication of the fish Being a male. ' r l ~ e scales sllow 8 pro\.vtll zones.
Tlie first gillarcl-1 has five gillraliers placed above the angle. Tlie chief points are that tlie subopercle and t h e dorsal part of tlie postclavicle are i~vollen and ivorylike. T h e dorsal part of the postcla~~icle is, Ilo~vever.
forined as a rllomboidal dilatation directlj- iin continuation of t l ~ 3-entral stalk.
Tlie result is that the two fishes from the sea off Finnniark arc not identical xvith t h e species 'I'lzerugra chnLcogrc~lr~lncr. Tlie resen~hlance is.
lio~vever, so great, as to indicate a local subspecies 11ut three features are so cliaracteristic that i t seems rnore correct to consider thein as he- longing to a distinct species. Tlie features are tlie fo?lowing:
T h e eye is relatively small, goes 4.9 to 5.4 tiines i n tlie Iiead. TIic caudal peduncle is broad 4.2 and 4.4
7;.
of the body lengtli. 't'he dorsal clt~hshaped part of t h e postclavicle fol-ins a right angle w-it11 t h e L entral slender part. These are the results of t h e observations 11ut is i t logical that t h e described fislies represent a distinct species ~vlien only 3 were caught i n 1932 with no record i n the twenty years since?Prolessor A. D. Welancler i n Seattle has as already noted k i n d l j sent tne five Tlleragra and h e has furtiler conferred on rile t h e favour to cor-
~ e c t my ~nanuscript, therefore I an1 greatly indel~ted to l ~ i i n .
LITERATURE
1831. P A L L ~ S , PETRO: Zoographia rosso - asiatica. I11 (Gadus ch'11cogrammus) p.
198. Petropoli.
1838. REINHARDT, JOHANNES: Ichthyologiske Bidrag ti1 den prolilalidske Fauna. Kgl.
danske Vid. Selsk. Afhandl. VII, Kbh.
1873. COPE, EDWARD D.: A contribution to the ichthyology of Alaska. Proceed. Amer.
philos, soc., Vol. XIII, No. 90. Gadus periscopus p. 30. Philadelphia.
1882. JORDAX, DAVID S. ancl CHARLES H. GILBERT: Synopsis of the fishes of Nortli A~nerica. Bull. U.S. natiollal runs. KO. 16. Wash.
1898. JORDAK, DAVID STARR and BARTOX KARREN EVER~IIANN: The fishes of P T o r t l ~ and hlidclle America. P t . 111. Bull U.S. ~latioilal mus. KO. '1.7. Wash.
1899. JORDAX, DAYID STARR and CHARLES EIEKRY GILBERT: The fishes of Berillg Sea.
Kap. XVTII i n David Starr Jordan: The f11r seals and fur seal isla~lcls of the Korth Pacific Ocean. Part 3. Wash.
1899. Luc,zs, FREDERIC A . : The food of the liortherli fur seals. Kap. IV i n David Starr Jordan: The fur seals and fur seal islands of the Korth Pacific Ocean. Part 3.
\Wash.
1899. SCOFIELD; XORMAN BISHOP: List of fishes obtained in tlie waters of arctic Alaska.
under Jorda11 artcl Gilbert: Tlie fishes of Bering Sea, Kap. XTTIII i n David Starr Jordan: Tlie f i ~ r seals a11d fur seal islands of the Xorth Pacific Ocean. Part. 3.
Wash.
1907. E V E R B T A ~ X , BARTOX T'ARREX and EDBIGND LEE GOLDSBOROUGII: The fishes of Alaska. Bull. Bur. Fish. VoI. XXVI, 1906 p. 346, fig. 127. Wash.
1927. COBB, J o n 3 9.: Pacific cod fisheries. 1). 392. Rep. 1-T. S. l ~ n r . fish. for 1926 app.
VII. \Rash.
1930. Soldatox-, V. K. and G. J. LIYDBERG: A review of the fishes of the Seas of the F a r East. Bull. Pacific sc. fish. inst. Vol. 5 p. 512 fig. 74. Vladivostock.
1932. DRJAGIN, P. A.: Arctogadus, eilie nene Gadidengattung aas Nordostsibirien.
Zool. Anz. Bcl. 98. S. 151 Ahb. 1. Leipz.
1933. P o ~ o v , A. $1. : To the kno~vledge of the ichthyofauna of the Siberian Sea. Arctica 1933, Xo. 1.
1935. SVETOVIDOV, A , : -4 seco~lcl species of cod of the genus Roreogadus (Boreogadus agilis, Reinhardt). Compt, rend. ac. sc. URSS. N. S. Vol. I. Leningv.
1935. SCHMIDT, P. J . and 4. P . AKDR~ASHEV (Academy of Sciences, Leningrad, GSSR.).
A Greenla~id fish in Okhotsk Sea, Copeia 1617 Xo. 2. Ann. Arbor. Mich.
1935. SCHULTZ, LEONARD P. and AI~TIILTR D. V"ELAXDER: A review of the cods of the Northeastern Pacific with comparative notes oil related species. Copeia 15/10.
30. 3. Ann. Arbor. Xich.
Fishes of Japan. Yo. 1 Vol. V p. 62. Tokyo.
1936. Inlportant Food Fishes from the Tra~vling Grounds off' tlie Coast of the l\laritime Province (Siberia). Bull. Governm. Fishery experimelital station of Chosen. Fusan.
Chosen. Japan. PI. IV. No. 11.
1937. TARANETZ, A. J . : Ha~ldhook for idelitificatioll of fishes of Sovjet Far East ancl adjacent waters. Rull. Pacific. sc. inst. fish. oceanogr. Vol. 11. p. 167 fig. 101.
Vladivostock.
Theragra chalcogramma. Palla>. Ohseruations. Theragra finninarehica,
- - - - n. sp. observations
l
Y a k u t a t B a y Alaska
1 I
Unalashka 1Fish School Univers 90 iniles south of Berlevåg F i n n i n n r l
Seattle
I
N u n i r a k Island Zool. Mus.Norway.
I Copenhageii
l
lI
lTotal l e i ~ g t h min
. . .
I,ength of body
. . .
T,tilgth of head . . .
I,c,ngth of s n o u t . . . .
I l o i i ~ rliain. oF cqe . . .
Intrrorbital spacr . . .
l x n g t h of barhel ...
Height a t origin 1'
. . .
R e i g h ~ a t origin Il1.. . . .
Height ai, D,--D,, A,-i\,
.
Fieight a t canri. peduncle . Interval DI-D- . . .
l o t e r v a l J), -D, . . . l i ~ t c t - r d l A, - A , . . .
Rase of D, . . .
Base of DL
...
ca. 480 4,4.0 117 :<8.5 21.5 30 ca. 2
7 5 76 51 20 15 35 26 4,9 7 2
. . .
f3a5e of U.
ISase of J\. . . .
13;iic of (1. . . .
Sn- Dl . . . . . .
Sn- .ll
Interval U. C ...
I n t c r ~ al A,- C
. . .
Diit
.
A. to cnd of body. .
Length oC P ...
Rays D. . . .
Ra) AU, . . .
Rays L). . . .
Rays Al
. . .
Rays A.
...
R a y s P ...
ScaIcs DS-lal liil
. . .
V rrtebrae
...
...
Scaleq
. . .
Mandible
...
Palatinetectli
Caudal
. . .
17.5 2 1 21 1 3 51 6.5 h 17 18 i 2 16 18 19 19 20 c . 20 c
.
50 iinbricate trotrudingN olle
luriatr
5 3 L 24.
4. 9 7 2 7 7 L 9 2 5 1 2 16 1 9 18 1 9 20 c
.
20 c.
52 imbr.
light protr
.
N one
Irislate
p-
2 1 29 24.5 50 76 l L l I 21 c
.
J 1c
.
l 2 c.
15c
.
19 c.
19 c.
19( c
.
20?) imbr.
pro trud
.
o far possiblc o distiilguisk oothbearing
8 3 105 87 L78 262 34.
29 70 102 1 l 16 20 2 1 20 20 2 O imhr
.
protrnd
.
None
luilate
68 90 65 111.1 2 L3
29 2 5 54 69.5 1 3 16 18 20 1 9 1 9 22-24
51 iinhr . protrixd
.
N one
luriate
7 6 89 77 1 7 4.
213 23 23 5 7 84 13 17 20 19 20 19 22-24,
imhr
.
protri~d
.
Norle
lunate
Yakutat Bay Alaska i Unalashlia N 51'11' Berlevåg Fish Scl-1001 IJnivexs. 90 miles south of Aleut Isl. E l 7 0 0 2 3 , Iiinizmarli
Nunivak Island Zool. &!us. Norway
Copenhagen
l
I
Theragra chalcogramma PallasI Proportions
I
...
Total length m i n . .
...
Lerigtli of body
Length of head to length of body 1,ength of snout LO length of head
.
I1oriz.diam. of eye to lengthofhead Iriterorbital space to lengthof head Height a t origin P to length of body Hright a t caiid. pedu~icle lengtli
...
ofbody
...
1,erigth of P to length of head
Sheragra finnmar- chica, 11.s~.
Proportions
Yakutat Bay Alaska Iiish School Univers.
Seattle
'J'heragra rhalcograiiliila Pallas Per cents
l
90 miles south of UnalashkaI
BerlevågNunivak Islaild Aleiit Isl. 51101' Pirminark
l Zool. Mus. E 170°23'
1
NorwayCopenhagen 1
I
Theragra finnmar- chica, n.sp.
Total lengt11 nim ...
...
Length of body
Length of head
...
TJength of siiout
...
Noriz.diam. of eye
....
Interorbiial space
....
Height a t origin P
....
Height a t caud.peduncle Base of D,
...
Base of D,
...
Base of D,
...
Base of A,
...
Base of A,
...
Sn-D,
...
Sll-A,
...
Interval »,-(C . . .
lnterval A$-C
...
Dist. A, to end of body
l Per cents
132
1
118
1
30.6 of length of body 25.0 -D-
22.8 -»-
l
20.4. -»- body (
5.08 -D- l
11.9 -D- l
16.1 -D-
14.85 -»-
I
l20.3 -w-
I
17.8
--
l36.4 -)>-
l
45.6 -)k l
5.5 -B-- l
5.1 -»-
1
14.4 -D-
I
GADUS POUTASSOU, KISS0
A. RISSO ~neritioris nothing almut appendices pyloricae i n his Histoire Xaturelle des Prinsipales Productioils de E'Europe Mericlionale, toiile I11 Paris 1826, I ~ u t C. G. COSTA writes in Fauna clel Regno d i Napoli, Pesci.
parte prima Xapoli 1850 on page 9 ~~Importantissima eccezione fa in cpesta specie la nlacanza di appendici cieche)) ancl an& vi b alcuna sorta rli appendice ciecas. Tlzis remark reappears later i n the literature. F. A.
S ~ T T i n Skandinaviens Fiskar I Stockllolm 1892 p. 465 writes as follow^:
((Den forsta serien 1lar i vKr fauna en art, IColinr~len, sol11 i sin salsnatl af lirams kornrner nErinast intill kuitiinelll~~ - Translated: The first series is in our fauna represented l ~ y a species the pout as so^^ wllicl~ I,!- the al~sence of coeca is most related to the hake - and in page 512 he writes noch med hfnsyn till de inre organen liafva vi reclan ofvan an- rliirkt den egendomlighet a t kolmulen saknar Itrams)>. - Translated:
and wit11 respect to the viscera we have already above noted the pecu- liarity that the poutassou lacks coeca. -
I n Grimpe - Wagler: Die Tierwelt der Nord- und Ostsee, Die Fischc Leipzig 1929, part XI1 g 2 page 61 W. Scllnakenl~ecls notes nearly tllr sartle ((Gadus poutassou besitzt auch i n cler inneren Anatoillie ein 1 ~ - -onderes Merkmal, das ihnl eine Ausnahmestellung innerha111 der Gattun:
gibt. E r hat namlich lteine Pylorusanhange, uad clanlit konlnlt er A1Ter- luccius vulgaris nahe, der nur einen Anhang am Pylorus besitzts.
E h r e n b a ~ u n states summarily aCoeca are absent), 11. 117 Natnrpc- scllichte und wirtscl1aftlicl1e Bedeutung der Seefisclle Nordenropas.
Hand1)ucl-r cler Seefischerei Nordeuropas. Bcl. 11, Stnttgart 1936.
The paper of H. Chas. Williamson: On the specific characters of the liaddock etc, Twenty - sixth Rep. Fish Board Scotland for 1907, pt. 111.
Sc. invest. Glasgow 1909 is overlooked. He writes there p. 120 ((Pontassou
- The coeca were froln 9 to 15 i n nuniber)).
Investigation of Gadus poutassou caught on the cruises made l ~ y fisheries advisor Thor Iversen in the seas to the west of Spitzl~ergen and in the Denmark Strait has shown, that they have 8-11 appendices
pyloricae. Zlso specimens fro111 Inore southern regions were inyestigated namely specinlens i n t h e Zoological Museum i n Bergen from Spain off Bilbao and fro111 Norway a t D r j h a k and Nordfjol.cleid, further from Lusterfjord i n a depth of 120 111 caught by OLAV AASEN and fronl t h e Norwegian Sea
K.
6.t005' W.8"13' fished by PIXN DETIOLD o n herring- nets about 20 m below the surface. T h e number was not easy to count o n all t h e specinlens owing to t h e conservation, l ~ n t was obviously frorn 6 to 10 coeca.West of Spitzberpen the content of t h e stornacl~s was chiefly Ther~aisto libpllzsln, 11RrclzrEt and Schizopods, one P C C ~ I ~ C L Z Z L ~ horec~lis, KrZyer (tile fish caught By s l ~ r i n t p t r a w l ) , also a few remains of fishes were fonnd. This agree5 with the statenlent of A. S ~ ~ E T O V I D O V i n ((On t h e correlation ]letween t h e character of food and t h e numher of pyloric caeca in fishes)) C.r.ac.sc. IIRSS. 111. Leningrad 1934. 011 p. 70 lie writes (<the fishes living on larger organisn~s have a higher n ~ ~ ~ l l l ~ e r of pyloric caeca t h a n those feeding on srnaller ones)) i n p. 68 ((I\l'uinber of p.c.
13. saidn 20-37. E. ~~(icc~giz 31--55, G . r?zorrhzca 207,), ill p. 71. ((The priilcipal food of Boregc~dzcs snida are the Eupharrsidae ( i n 59.5 of the stolnaclls examined) and the p l a ~ ~ c t o n i c organisms
-
Calrcitus fill- rrecirchic~rs ( 34.45 :
\.
Crallgolliclae have lleeil found only i n 16, A i ~ ~ p h i - pocla i n 3 and Pisces only in 1 out of 311 stomaclls. . . .
Fishes fortll n greater part of tlie food of EZ~ginzts rznvrcgct than of t h a t of Boreogndrc~scticln; out of 175 stomaclls of li;. ncrvcrgc~ examined b y N. SOLDATOV fisllc, n7ere found i n 13,
-
Pisces (14-88C/o)
[herring ( C l . Izrcrerzgz~s), capelillIM. villosus). sand - eel (Amm. tol3iailx1s) and others] ailcl the ben- tllonic and planctonic Crustacea (Pandalz~s, Rlzocla) form t h e greater part of the food of Gadrjs nzorrhz~cr,,.
AD. S. JENSEN writes i n ~4311 fish-otoliths i n t h e 13ottom deposits of tlle seas Mecld. ICom. Havunclcrs$g. I. 7. Kbll. 1905 p. 13 ((Gadzss poutnssorr
. . . .
I t may have followed the salt ancl -cvarm Atlantic water out on tlrp srlrlare of t h e Norwegian Sea;,. T h e specinle~ls c m g h t cluring THO];IIEIISEN'S researcl~-crt~ises are all fro111 localities with water of Atlantic.
origin:
2017 1933 S/S Heiiillantl St. 37. 3. 65'58' IV. 28'58' 361 nr. In 310 111 1'07. G.p. 15 cm app. pyl. 11. Froln stomach of Cod.
1016 1938 M/C Solveig I. St. 38.
K.
77'16' F,. 11'28' .,Geiteryggen,) 188- 253 111. I n 0 nl 4'19, in 205 m 3'26. G.13. 27 cm ayp. pyl. 10. Content of stomacll: Kemairrs of S c h i ~ o ~ ~ o d s . Frorn s t o ~ n a c h of cod.1017 1938 A%/C Solveig 1. St. 78. N. 78'15' E. 12'20' - 12O32' ((1.iCjord- renna, 257 111. Shrimptrawl. G.p. 22 cm, app. 131-1. 9.
3018 1939 M/C Soheip I. St. 122. N. 78'17' E. 12'23' ( < R ~ k e s $ y l a ; ) 259 m.
S l i r i ~ n ~ t r n i v l . I n St. 108. 1318 A . 78'17' E. 12O30'. <(Rxkes$ylnx.
h
O m 5'09 i n 240 111 2'27. G.p. 33 cnl9
app. pyl. 8. Content of Stomach: Themisto lil~ellula, Mandt, Schizopod and remains of fishes.G.p. 28 c ~ n
?
app. pyl. 10. Content of stornach: Schizopodes.G.p. 27 cnl
9
app. pyl. 10. Content of stomach: Themisto lil~ellula.Nandt.
G.1). 27 cnl
3
app. pyl. 9. Content of stomach: Tllenlisto libellula.Alandt and 1 Pandalus l~orealis, Krpyer.
Years ago this paper was written but not delivered for printins hefore March 1954. Unfortunately i t has not l ~ e e n possible to get it printed, hefore I received the paper ~ v r i t t e n l ~ y HEKRY B. BIGELOW ancl WILLIAM C. SCHROEDEK: ((Occurence off t h e fi'liddle ancl North Atlantic United States of t h e Offs1101.e Hake itilerli.rccilcs Albidzis (h'litchill) 1818 and of t h e Blne I'iihiting Gadzcs (Jlicroiiaesis~iz~s) Yorrtrrssozr (Risso) 1826)) Bull. Rilus. Comp. Zoology. Harvarcl College. Vol. 113, S o . 2.
As s supplement to my paper I allow rile to cite the reinark on caeca I)! lorica in Gr~dzcs pozltassou, ~r liicll Bigelow and Schroeder write on p. 218 :
((If so, Sniitt's (1892, p. 465) account of poutaason as without pyloric caeca, wotild suggest an i n ~ p o r t a n t anatoinical difference hetween t h e two popnlations for there are 8 to 11 of these structures i n the ~ C a p ' n Bill 11)) specimens. But we h a w recently Ijeen infornled 1)y Denys W. Tucker of the British Aluseuin (Natiiral History) that foxir specinlens 241-274 rnnl i n standard lengtli from Lousy Bank, Lat. 60'20' 3, Long. 12'40' TV.
108-200 fathoms, ~ullicll 1le examined, had 9, 10. 11 and 12 pyloric caeca.
respectively, ~ v b i l e one of the Xorwegian specialens, mentioned al~ove.
has 10 caeca. Thus Smitt's account Tras incorrect in this respect.))
KAZA SPlNICAUDA, .JENSEN The Rolcgh Whiterccy.
Several fish of this species have ]>eel1 caught since Aclolpll S. Jensen published his description l~asecl on six speciinens fro111 south-western Greenland i n t h e menlorial to Japetus Steenstrup, 1914.
Johannes Scllrnidt on 1,oard t h e ((Dana, caught two: 13' 116 cnl and
Q
125 cm: 31/7-1924, off soutlleastern Iceland N 64'36' W 11°40', depth 445 metres. gravel and stones.On his expedition i n t h e ((Dana,, i n 1925 Adolph S. Jensen caught two specimens, 1
d
35 cm and 129
32 cnl, o n t h e 22nd of June at i\T 6G037' W 56'37', depth 460 metres. on a sancly 1,ottonl wilere t h e tclnperature was S012.Paul Hansen. while carrying out fisllery 1.esearc11 off soutllwestern Greenlancl, capturecl 22 specinlens on long lines in the district of Juiiane- I~aal, at depths from 175 metres lo 300 me11-es i n t h e )ears 1930, 1934, and 1937. 'Twelve of these lish Tvcre illales fronl 112 to 141 cin, and nine were females froill 78 to 148 cm. i\io length or sex cleter~ninatiol~ llai I ~ e c n given for the remaining specimen. These cntclles, ~ + - i t l ~ specifica- tionc of dates and measurements, are mentioneci i n the paper by Ad. S.
Jeusen: ((Contril~utions to t h e I c h t l ~ ~ o f a n n a of Greenlancl, 11-24s, p. 52.
Jn ((Faune ichthyologic~ue cle l'Atlantiq11e Korclz 1931. R. S. C l ~ r I i pulrli~11~d a tlescription and figure (plate 54 ) of a i e ~ n a l c 172 cln loll$
caught off T e s t e r Horn Iceland at a depth of 140 to 160 metres.
J . L~incll~eck, in aMitteil. Deutschen Seefiscl~erei-Vereins, 1933, 13. 8.
%ires tllc information t h a t trawlers off sontlleasteru Iceland regularly fincI Raia spiaicanda i n hauls froill areat deptlls, only a few specimens, I ~ o w e ~ e r . I ~ e i n g taken at one time. On the oilier hancl. all t h e rays lanclecl Eronl the vegion of Bear Tsland 1)elongecl to this species. IIe states frirther that 11ie species is f o t ~ n d in the Earents Sea ilortll of the RiIurnian Coast and o n the Slcolpen Rank. ljeinq l ~ o ~ + e v e r less nanieroris at t h e latter location.
7'11~ lenptl-r was l~etwcen 94 a x 1 172 cni 811~1 even solllr of the largest lnales npto 147 cm were still immature. The forty fislles investigatecl were
~ l ~ a d c 7113 of eclual nuin1)ers of ~nalec and females.
Fig. I . I)istrili~itiori ol' Reia Sl)irtic&tiid'~ .ler~qrtl.
Fig. 2. Colitour of Raia spinica~~cla. .Jen+n. 92 rill ; and of the v e ~ i t r a l
T\ it11 appellclix genitalis.
37 sl'ecimeni werc caugllt on ficl1er.y researcll cruises made by Thor Lversen, one off Finumark, 33 arouilcl Bear Islazicl. one sontll-soutllrvest of Hopen Island, and 2 off southeastern Greenlanil.
TIle width of t h e disc is large1 than i t i lenptl~, ancl tIlc tail is s l ~ o r t e r tIlan tlle disc. Tlze snouL forms r~carl? a right angle, the lateral corners of t h e disc are also alnlost right-angled ]jut rounded. Tlle length of t h e snout to a cross line drart-n tlirougll t l ~ e centre of t h e eyes aillounts to about half of the rzidt1.t of the disc aloilg t h e saine cross line and t o about three t i ~ n e s the breadth of the c-ar~ilagc bet~\reen the eyes. T h e lengtll of the snout to the forerl~ar?in of thc eyes is about onefourtll of the greatest width of tile cline, a n d three tinles as largc as
llte l ~ r e a d t l t of the interorbital cartilage. T h e rlistallcc from tlie t i p o f
~ l l e snont to t h e forelnost series of teeth i- n little greater than donl,l~, ilie elistance between t h e nostrils. Ill the upper jaw there are 30 to 36 rows of teeth, i n t h e lower jaw 28 to 34. ' r l ~ e pointed teeth rise fro111 a flat circular base. l~roadcst in the female>, Illside the rows of t e c t l ~ there is, especially on the upper jaw. a -trong pad rirhly coverecl ~vit11 papillze: along the npper jaw this patl i.i narro~vest ill thc inicldlc, 1,roadest inniiecliate1~- to tllr right a i ~ d to the left of the middle, tapering tllen torvards t h e corners of t h e moutl-r: along t h e lower jaw t h e pad is narrow. h u t I,roadest i n the midcIle. t i ~ p e r i n ~ strongly laterally ant1
tlisapPearing near the corner. of the ~ l ~ o u t h . A strong la1,iaI fold exists on 111c rig111 and on thc left side of the ja147 and illere is a fringed nasalloI>us.
T h e u ~ ~ e r surface of t h e disc. is entirely granulated. T h e spines are only to Ije found as a median rolr o n t h e dorsal surface of the tail, 20 to 24 i n number. There is. in addition, a spine between the two dorsals.
r 7
1l1e foremost spine is situated at tlle level of the micldle of t h e ventrals.
r 1
l lie spines are erect with exception of t h e anterior, which are slightly retrorse. The male, 133 cm. is ecluipped with 6 rows of claw-formed zpines on t h e pectorals, the inale. 138 cm, wears 5 rows of such spines.
A sinall caudal fin ends tllc ti11 of the tail.
'L'lle colot~r of t h e dorsal surface is grej-, a lateral fold of tlrc skin
011 llle iail being, however, white. T h e ventral surface is white, hut t h e hindmargin of the pectorals ancl the ventrals, and the region around t h e csloaca are bluish grey and the tail is ~narl>led.
Coil, redfish, ancl solne frapnlents which are probably lladclock ancl l ~ e r r i n g have been found in the stomachs. On the 11th of Septenlber at N. 73O53' E. 17'46'. cleptll 200 metres. a fenrale 164 tin long was caught
\uitll a fully developed egg on each side. I n the last half of Octol3er tire females i n these waters at Bear Island llacl spawned. On a inale 133 cnl 111e apl~cndix genitalij n~easurecl 31 c111 of ~vllich 21 cin was free fro111 111e ventrals, on another 138 en1 long the whole a ~ g e n c l i x measuretl 33 cnl, and t h e free part 22 cm.
' r l ~ i s paper was written man^ :,ears ago l ~ u t not clelivered for p r i i ~ t i n g 1)elore r\!tarcll 1954. I n the !ears 1953 ancl 1954 B I G E L O ~ and SCHI~OEDER ]lave, l~owever, published exact t1escril)tions and new facts o n tile distri- I ) ~ ~ t i o n i n the Western Kortll -4tlantic fro111 Newfo~uldland to Cape Cod.
R'Iy ~ a p c r deals only with t h e Barents Sea, t h e waters around Iceland ant1 Greenland. T h e pu1,lications of Bigelo~v and Schroecler are vali~able .~~l,plements to the kno14letlge of Rrricr spii~icnzrda.
P.S. A specimen of Rain sl~irzicaurla J E ~ S E X was caught 2315 1955 by t h e Norwegian research ship ctG. 0. liars.,) north of Finnmark a t N. 72°47' E. 17'26'.
L I T E R 1 T b R E
1914. JENSEN, AD. S.: Alindeshrift J a ~ ~ e t l t s Steenstrup. Vol. 2, No. 30; pp. 30-34 figs.
10 and 11, pl. figs. 1-5. hlobenha~-~i.
1926. SBIIUNDSSON, B J ~ R N I : Fickarliir. (Pisces Islandire), pp. 505-507, fig. 263.
Reykjavik.
1926. CLARK, ROBERT S.: Ra?. and -hates. Sci. I ~ i v e s t . Fishery Board Scotland 1926, I p. 49-50. Edinburgh.
1931. C r . a n ~ , ROBERT S. : Raia spinicaada. Faurle iclithyologic~ne de 1'Atlantique Nord.
Cons, internat. Explor. Mer. P1. 54 figs. 1-5 arid text. Cope~ihague.
1933. LUNDBECK, J. : SeItene Fischarteil in den Fiirigeli uliserer Fischdampfer. Mitteil.
Deutsclien Seefisherei-Vereins. Bd, 49, p. 8--9. Berlin.
194,8. JENSEN, AD. S.: Coiltrihation~ to t h e ichthyofauna of Greenlaild 8-24. Spolia Zool. 3111s. Hauniensis. Skrifter ndg. af L-nirersitetets Zoologiske Museum. 9, pp.
49-57, figs. 11-14 and chart. 3. Kobenharn.
1953. RIGELOTV, HENRY B. and V i ~ C. ~SCIIROEDER: ~ ~ ~ Fishes of t h e western North a ~ Atlantic. P a r t 2. &Iem. Sears Foundation for 3Iarine Research, pp. 271-276 fig. 59. New Haven.
1954. - Deep water Elasinobranclis and Chinlaeroids from t h e Nortlix<-estern Atlantic sIope. Bull. $ins. Colnp. Zool. 1'01. 1 1 2 To. 2 pp. 66-69 fig. 4. Cambridge, Mass., U.S.A.
Observations concerning 14, i
females and 8 males
1
Numbers
1
I 2 3 1 4 1 5 6 7 1 8I I I I
I
Total length; cm
. . .
Width of disc
. . . . . .
Tip of snout t o foremargin of cloaca Froill foreinargili of t h e cloaca t o tip of
tail
...
Tip of snout t o hind margin of pectoral (Clarks length of disc. B in t h e schenle of measurenlents)
. . .
'Ti13 of s n o ~ t t t o a cross-line through the centre of t h e eyes
. . .
Width of t h e cross-line through t h e centre o f t h e eyes
. . .
r .
l i p of snout t o t h e foremargin of the eyes. (Clarks length of snout, D in t h e jchenie of measurements)
. . .
Tip of snout t o t h e m o u t h .
. . .
The smallest distance between t h e eqes.
(Clarks interorbit-least width, E in t h e schenie of measurements)
. . .
Distance between forelnargiri of eye arid hind-margin of spiracle (Clarks F in t h e scheme of measurements)
. . .
Distance midway between t h e nostrils (Clarks Internasal width H i n t h e scheme)
...
Ntctmber of spines along t h e mid-line of t h e t a i l
...
Length of t h e tail from hind-margin of nu,.
'
Distance between t h e nostrils anteriorly.Before t h e conservation: 112 cm.
Nu. 1. N.64"14' Vr.55'55' 440 fathoms c. 3"2 described b y Ad. S. Jensen.
a 2. Sltorfjord, South~uest Greenland 120-160 fathoms S0.7--2O.3 described b y Ad.
S. .Jense11.
>> 3. Skovfjord, Southrvest Greenland 120-160 fatlionis 1O.7-2O.3 described b y Ad.
S. Jellsen.
n 4. The inout11 of the firth: Tnnirgdlinrfik 125-200 fathorns c. 1°.7--3O clescribed b y 4 d . S. Jensen.
>) 5 . N. 74"12"5' E. 21'26' 216-272 met. ~ d . st. I n 200 nleters 1'66.
)> 6. K. 73"50' E. 17'38' 250---26-i, met. id. i t . 2'70.
)> 7. K. 64'36' W. 11°30' 4,-1,5 met. pa\-el, >t. 0°05 captitred b y S/S ccDana)> Johs.
Schmidt. Veasurecl in Zuol. t l n s . Cph. l>y E. ICoefoed.
>> 8. The iilortth of t h e firth: Tnnngtllinrfik. 125-200 fathoms c. l"7-3" described
b y Ad. S. Jensen.
Xu. Y. 1. 73'53' E. 17'23' 259-263 met. sd. st. sh.
)> 10.
\-.
73'53' E. 17'46' 197-222 met. st. sd.a 11. ->>-
>) 12. ->>-
x 13. I. i3"50' E. 17'38' 250-264 met. sd. st. 2"70.
>) 14. Off Wester Horn, Iceland 140-160 met. Desclihed I>:, R. S. Clark 1931.
)> 15. \. i4"38' E. 16'20' 539 met. sd, st. 111 500 inetels 3"63.
)) 16. 1. 73'53' E. 17'23' 259-263 met. scl. it. sh.
)) 1;.
\.
64'36' W. 11'40' 445 meter gra>el. st. Oc05 capti~recl b-) S/S ccDdiza>> Johq.'Irhmidt. l\least~red in ZooI. hlus. Cph. h:, E. Koefoed.
)> 18.
\;.
62'17' BT. 40'34' 491 meter st., sponge.)> 1g. ->>-
)) 20. '1. 71 57' E. 24'53' 287 meter clay In 275 illetel 1°45.
>) 21. '1. 73'50' E. 17"38' 250-264 meter st. ~ d . 2"70.
>> 22. 7;. 73'53' E. 17'23' 259-263 llleter st. iid. ih.
Eumicrotremus
Spiilosus Su bspec, N ov. Eggvinii.
1 specinien 90 mni, 19, 6 1955. h. 70°54', W. 12O50'. Dredge ca. 30 In.
The fish was car~glit witli a clreclge on tlse Eggvili bank, discoxered l q the research s l s i ~ III/P \cG. 0. Sarsa during an oceanograpl~icnl cruise under tlse leadershil> of Dr. phil. Jells Eggvin.
Fig. 1. Gchogranl sllowinp t h e Epgvin Baliii ancl the plain for drerlgiay.
L,cngtlt of the l~od:, 7 8 111111
J,ei~gtll of the llcnd from 11le forenlost point 36 ),
Height at origin of Dl 40 ,)
T'argest 1)readtls at gill-opening 38 a
Gill-opening 7
,,
Horiz. cliani. of cyc S 1)roportioii to lengtll
of the Iieacl 4.5
\Vidtll of the lllontli 23 ),
Below the niouth 4 bliort I~arljels. T h e sliiti between t h e ~iloutli and the sucker cozlsists for the rest of ~rrrirtcltled folds. The suclcer is partly encircIec1 by the pectorals h u t the liindiilost part is free. l'he first dorsal with 6 rays is enveloped in skin anrl the first four rays wear outeralost one or two I ~ l u n t spines OY warts. T h e second dorsal witli 11 rays is ahnost entirely free; there is oillp a low ~ v a l l o l soft skill at its I~ase.
T h e anal consists of 11 rays also free. hut tllc I~ase is covered l ~ p spinous skin. T h e 3nus is siluatetl onl> a little nertrer to t h e sucker tiinn to the anal.
T h e cllaracteristic is t h a t there eui-t ciiltinct longitudinal series of pranulatect spines separated from each otlrer. '\lost dorsally 5 granulatecl spines are seen frorn the 11pl3er margin of tllp e j e to l ~ e l o w t h e interspace of the two dorsals. Then a series from upper corner of gill-opening o n the left side 4, o n tlle right side only 2. then fro111 t11e lower corner of gill-opening on t h e left side 'A, on tlre ripllt 3, then follow two short series of 2 to 3 spines behind the pectorals. Between the dorsals are a pair of blunt spines. ' r h e ljelly ia densel) set with warts, and behind anus 1,lunt spines among wliicll 2 are promii~ent on each ~ i d e hefore t h e origin of t h e anal. Bet~ueen rhe secolid cloraal and the anal t h e sicles are covered with closely packed 11lnnt spines or warts.
In the description of his new gerrus Cpclopteroides. Garman (1892 11. 37) writes ((Chin wit11 t n l ~ u l a r paws or l~arlielss. anti Poposr (1930 11. 70) notes in liis key for Cycloptericlae as characteristic for Cyclop- teroicles ~ ~ t u h n l a t ~ barbel-like proce.;ses 011 rllins. Bnt Popol- writes (1928 p. 62) in the description of Emuicrotremui I~irulai, Popov ((On tinder- jaw hardly perceptible leathery tul~esz. and (1930 11. 71) in the descrip- tion of Eurnicrotrell1us orbis, Giintl~er i(tul~nlar, b a r l ~ e l like processes present o n chin.. Also Vladykov 11933 p. 2 2 ) mentions l~arbel-like ten- tacles o n chin as present i n Eunlicrotremus spinosus, K i l l e r , 11ut allsent i n Eumicrotremus derjugini Popoi
.
Further Myers and Riihlke (1950 p. 201) write For Eumicrotremus terrae-novae. ((A pair of tubular barbel- like processes o n either side of the Erenuni. There are three or four more of these (~11arbels ((illore or less irregular placed. on either side of the cllin), *.But Jensen 11944) neither nier~tions or figure* quch l ~ n r l ~ e l s . No I~arbels arc seen i n a s p e c i ~ l ~ e n of 5:. a p i ~ ~ o ~ s 93 111111 fro111 West-Green- land whereas a pair of l ~ a r l ~ e l s are o l ~ s e r \ ~ e d below tile middle of t h e lower jaw i n a specimen 63 nun fro111 Icefjord Spitzbergen. These two specinlens ]belong to t h e lliuseurrr i n Rerpen. Therefore there seems to Ile no reason for being afraid of 11lacinp this fisll in tlre genus Ez~nti- crotremzls in spite of the fact that G A R \ I A \ ~ 11892 p. 37) and P o ~ o v (1930 p. 70) nlention tubular barbels on chin ai character for Cyclopteroides.
T h e occurrence of barl3els o n chin varies and has none specific value.
O n the other hand i t is essel~iial that P ~ R K (1926 p. 11) in his diag- nosis of Cyclopteroides lays stres-, upon (skin mostlj nude only having few, snlaIl and distant tubercles, iiot forming a coiltinusus covering, and totally absent fro111 cheeks and firtl~ases)).
Tlle Russian ichtbyolopists I ~ a v e createrl 6 (Popov 1930 pp. 71-72)
or '7 (Taranetz I937 p. 1261 ~ p e c i e s of Eztmicrofremr~s. hiit rince there is great variability i n the skin's equipment with spines, i t seems more likely to follow l e i v s r ~ ~ (1944 1113. 53--57) .trIro introdt~cerl the subi.peciea Ezc~7-Licrofrc~rnIr.s vcrrirtbilis for 5 difieient ~al-ieties of Eunzicrotrenzus spitzoszcs Fabricius. T!xerefore tliis .pecimen is not considered as a new species, but as a new vasieij. ~ t ~ h i c t ~ is gi~e11 t h e naine Ez~r?aicrofrei~-Lrcs spiizosus sztbspec. zzov. eggvinii.
T h e specimen catxght neav J a n Mayen clescril~ed by Danois (1917 p. 14, fig. 4, 111. 1 figs. 5-6 1 hab a n arl~laillent in rows nearly as t h e specimen froin the E,gg\-i~~ Bank. 11ut it wanti the de~lselj- paclied spines or warts on t h e tail. I n this respect i t reseml~les more Jensen's su1)species variahilis var. cl, hut after the figures accompanying t h e clescription of Danois the dorsals and tlie ma1 are more free fro111 11le skin illan i n t h e variety- of Jensen's and I-esemlrfe the specinien here described.
L I T E R A T U R E
1880. COLLETT, ROBERT: Fishes. The Xorwegian 3 o r t h Atlantic Expeditioil 1876- 1878, Christiania.
1887. GUNTHER, ALBERT: Report 011 the deep-sea fishes. Rep. St.. Results of H. 31. S.
Challenger. Zool. Vol. 2 2 . Edinburgh.
1892. GARMAN, S.: The Discoboli: Xfem. Jfus. Comp. Zool. H a r v a r d Coll. Vol. 14 No.
2, Cambridge U.S.A.
1895. GOODE, G. R. aiicl T. H. BEAS: Ocealiic ichthyology. W-ashington.
1917. Da~ors, ED. LE: Etudes s ~ i r clnelqrres I~oissoni des ocea~ls artique e t atlantique, Ann. l'Inst, ocfailogr. Tolne 7 $ Paris.
1926. PARR, ALBERT EIDE: 111vestigationi. 011 t h e Cyclopterini, Bergells Museums -4ar- boli 1924-25 Naturv. R~clrlie S o . 7 ; Bergen.
1928. POPOV, A. $1.: About classification of the race Eiiinicrotrelllus Gill. Bull Pac.
Ocean Sc. Fish. Research Station, \'laclirostok.
1930. POPOV, A. 31.: A short rel-iett- of t h e fishes of t h e falllily Cyclopteridae. Ann.
& Mag. Nat. Hist. Ser. 10: T'nl. 6 : London.
1930. SOLDATOV, V. K. & G. .J. LI-XDBERG: -4 review of the fishes of t h e seas of t h e f a r east. Bull. PRC. Inst. Fi.11. and Oceanogr. Vol. 5, Vladivostok.
1931. POPOV, A. M.: Cyclopteridae. Bull. .kc. Sci. Ser Biol. Leningrad.
1933. VLADYKOV, V. D.: Fishes fro111 t h e Hitclso~i R a y Region. Contribut. to Canadian Biol. and Fish. i\T.S. Vol. 8. Toronto 1934.
1937. Ta~anETz, A. J.: Hanclbook for ide~ltificatioil of fishes of S o j e t F a r E a s t and adjacent waters. Vladix-o~tok.
1944,. JENSEK, AD. S . : Contvibutioili to t h e icl~thyofauna of Greenland. Spolia Zool.
Mus. Haurliensis IV, Koliehnal-n.
1950. MYERS, GEORGE S. aild J.43i~e R ~ ~ I I L K E : -4 new Lump-Sucker of the genus Eumi- crotxemus from t h e North-~rectern -4tlantic. Stanford Ichthyol. Bull. Vol. 3. No.
4, Stanford, Ca!ifornia.
1955. ANDRTASIIEV, ANATOI,Y P. : -4 contributioli t o the knowledge of tlie fishes from t h e Bering and Chilkchi Sea-. Fi5h and ~ ~ i l c l l i f e Service. Special Sc. Rep. Fisheries No. 145. Vashington.
I
A. Theragra finnmarcltica, it. sp, Drawing by Thorolf R a s ~ t n ~ s s e n . B. Tlteragra chalcogralnma, Pallas. Dra~viitp hy Thorolf Rasmnssen.
11
-4. Tlteragra cl~alcogramma. Pallai. Frozti a drawing h y by H. L.
Todd in 33 A Lucas: The food of the ilortherlt fur seals 1899, pl. XIII.
B. Tlteragra chatcogramma. F r o ~ n T-. Li. Soldato, aitd G. J. Lind- berg: A review of t h e fiillec of tlte iea- of t h e fay east. 1930, fig. '74.
-4. Gadus poutassoil, Risso 28 c n l ?
.
Draxvi~tg by Tborolf Rasmussen.B. Eumicrotremus s~tbspec. nova e&g\-i~lii. Lateral view. Drawing by Tliorolf Rasmussell.
C. Eilxuicrotreinxts subspec. i l o r a cpgrirtii. Tentral vie\\,. Dra~viilg by Thorolf Rasmusseli.
D. E u r n i c r o t r e n l ~ ~ s subspec. ~ t o v a esgvinii. Frontal view. Drawi~tg Ly Thorolf Rasmnssen.
PI' 11.
