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African Urbanism:

Contesting Formality and Informality in

Maputo, Mozambique

\ Presentation at NHH/CMI Seminar

‘Cooperation on Urban Development’

Bergen 8 February 2013

Inge Tvedten, CMI

(2)

African Urbanism

• African cities must be understood on their own terms

• Capital of Mozambique with 1.1 (1.8) million inhabitants

• 70% ‘slum-like characteristics’

and inadequate services

• Poverty rate 50%, with increasing inequality

• Official: Formal and informal city spaces

• Population: Layers of trichoto- mies and dichotomies

• No urban development plans for informal settlements/slums – only

‘strategies’

(3)

Contested Urban Space

• Rapidly changing urban-scape with liberalisation of land and housing market

• ‘Slummification’ of sub-urban space, and formalisation of the peri-urban

• ‘Inverse governmentality’ and incremental housing have made people feel secure

• Now contested by municipal authorities and private capital

(4)

Formalising the Informal

• The processes of ‘inverse

governmentality’ in poor bairros should be protected and sup- ported

• Urban services (roads, water, electricity, waste collection) through strategic planning/

community processes

• Policy implementation by selecting ‘test-bairros’ for implementation

• Enforcing a formalisation of PTOs and housing standards will lead to more urban uprisings

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