Genetic study on health and robustness in Norwegian Landrace

Genetic study on Health and Robustness in Norwegian Landrace;

A study based on phenotypic

records made in a commercial pig farm in the US

Norwegian University of Life Sciences

Faculty of Veterinary Medecine and Bioscience Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences

Master Thesis 2015 60 credits

Åse Marte Langrud

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TOPIGS NORSVIN

Topigs Norsvin USA – Data protocol for recordings

related to «Robust pig project», weaning of sows

For use in Christensen Farms only

Torunn Aasmundstad June 16, 2014

A6

Topigs Norsvin USA Research and Development protocols

The purpose of this manual is to provide instructions for recording and the computer entry of data into the Topigs Norsvin Information System for the Research and Development Project:

“Robust pig.”

This protocol is only concerning additional registrations regarding the condition of the sow one day (Monday evening) prior to weaning. All recordings except those under point 14 should be recorded by a Topigs Norsvin master student during the first two months until the protocol is settled.

Where to record:

1) The recordings should be written on a recording scheme supplied by Topigs Norsvin (Lars Terje Bogevik).

2) Registration tools: Thermometer for rectal usage and stopwatch.

How and what to record: Alternative A: Sow is able to stand up. Alternative B: Sow is not able to stand up.

A) Alternative A: The sow’s condition should be assessed in the farrowing crate when the sow is standing up. If the sow is unable to stand, see alternative B. Most recording should be performed by visual inspection.

1) Record sow ID, operator ID, date of registration, room number and pen number. Record water flow in crate as liters/minutes.

2) Rectal temperature of sow.

3) Circulation. Color of ears (Normal (N), blue (B)).

4) Respiration:

I) Panting: Non-visible breathing (normal (N)) or labored breathes with abdomen (A); II) Coughing (no/yes), if yes: non-productive cough (YNP) or productive cough (YP).

5) Dehydration. Pull ear fold and record number of seconds until normalization.

6) Feces – if not present record N.P, else:

I) Consistency (not present (N.P.), normal (N), soft (S), diarrhea (D), separate hard lumps (H).

II) Blood in feces yes/no (N), if yes: coagulated blood (black (B)), fresh blood (Red (R)).

7) Urine – if not seen record N.P., else:

I) Blood in urine (Y/N).

A>

II) Color of urine: normal (N), dark (D), clouded whitish/flocky (C ) 8) Indicators of PAIN:

I) Willingness to rise up (normal (N), slightly unwilling (H), not willing (go to alternative b).

II) Arching of back (normal, slight, medium, pronounced).

III) Sow is “stepping,” e.g. avoid putting weight on one or several feet (no stepping (N), slight (H), medium (M), pronounced (P).

IV) Vocalization (no vocal (N), grunt (G), shout (S)).

9) Front leg assessment – according to Appendix B, Off test exterior scoring.

10) Hind leg assessment – according to Appendix B, Off test exterior scoring.

11) Hoofs: Score hoofs according to Lesion scoring guide for the following: toes, dew claws, cracked wall horizontal, cracked wall vertical (normal, mild, moderate, severe). All four legs are to be assessed and the worst hoof is to be recorded (i.e. if front left leg has severe toes, this is to be a yes. If same sow’s right hind hoof dew claws are overgrown, this is a yes as well).

12) Udder:

I) Number of piglets at the sow.

II) Number of teats in function.

III) Number of non-functional glands behind navel.

13) Injury: Injury that is inflicted the sow (e.g. eaten on by piglets, cut by fixture) is the reason for culling (Y/N).

14) Observation during suckling period:

I) Aggressive towards management (Y/N).

II) Aggressive towards piglets (Y/N).

III) Presenting udder for piglets (normal (N), slightly sub-optimal (H), medium sub-optimal (M), pronounced sub-optimal (P)).

IV) Farrowing:

i) Medically induced labor: farrowed without interventions (IN), piglets pulled (IP), retained pig (IR) where “I” denotes “induced” and N, P and R denotes “normal”, “pulled” and

“retained,” respectively.

A=

ii) Non-induced labor: farrowed without interventions (NN), piglet pulled (NP), retained pig (NR) ) where “N” denotes “normal” and N, P and R denotes “normal”, “pulled” and

“retained” respectively.

V) Delayed milk, record number of days before normal lactation.

15) Appetite: normal (N), reduced (R) or no intake (NI)

16) Visual inspection of legs: Look for deviations from normal appearance (swollen, bursitis, calluses and abrasions). Record each leg individually. Scale: Normal (N), slightly

swollen/bursitis/callus/abrasions (H), moderate swollen/bursitis/callus/abrasions (M), pronounced swollen/bursitis/callus/abrasions (P). Record leg and severity, e.g. front right medium as: FRM. Front left (FL), hind right (HR) and hind left (HL). Two first letters denote which leg, last letter the severity of the deviation. If all four legs are normal, score a sole N, as this covers all four legs.

17) Overall conformation of sow – eligible for re-breeding or not. (Y/N) B) Alternative B: If show is unable/unwilling to stand:

1) Record sow ID, operator ID, date of registration, room number and pen number. Record water flow in crate as liter/minutes; also, if wet feed is given yes(y)/no (N).

2) Rectal temperature of sow.

3) Circulation. Color of ears (Normal (N), blue (B)).

4) Respiration:

I) Panting: Non-visible breathing (normal (N)) or labored breathes with abdomen (A); II) Coughing (Y/N), if yes: non-productive cough (YNP) or productive cough (YP).

5) Dehydration. Pull ear fold and record number of seconds until normalization.

6) Feces – if not present record N.P, else:

I) Consistency (not present (N.P.), normal (N), soft (S), diarrheic (D), separate hard lumps (H)

II) Blood in feces yes/no (N), if yes: coagulated blood (black (B)), fresh blood (red (R)).

7) Urine – if not seen record N.P., else:

I) Blood in urine (Y/N).

II) Color of urine: normal (N), dark (D), clouded whitish/flocky (C).

8) Indicators of PAIN:

I) Willingness to rise up (not willing (NW)).

A8 IV) Vocalization (no vocal (N), grunt (G), shout (S)).

12) Udder:

I) Number of piglets at the sow.

II) Number of teats in function.

III) Number of non-functional glands behind navel.

13) Injury: Injury that is inflicted to the sow (e.g. eaten on by piglets, cut by fixture) is reason for culling (Y/N).

14) Observation during suckling period:

I) Aggressive towards management (Y/N).

II) Aggressive towards piglets (Y/N).

III) Presenting udder for piglets (normal (N), hint of sub-optimal (H), medium sub-optimal (M), pronounced sub-optimal (P)

IV) Farrowing:

i) Medically induced labor: farrowed without interventions (IN), piglets pulled (IP), retained pig (IR), where “I” denotes “induced” and N, P and R denotes “normal”, “pulled” and

“retained,” respectively.

ii) Non-induced labor: farrowed without interventions (NN), piglet pulled (NP), retained pig (NR) ), where “N” denotes “normal” and N, P and R denotes “normal”, “pulled” and

“retained” respectively.

V) Delayed milk, record number of days before normal lactation.

15) Appetite: normal (N), reduced (R) or no intake (NI).

16) Visual inspection of legs: Look for deviations from normal appearance (swollen, bursitis, calluses and abrasions). Record each leg individually. Scale: Normal (N), slightly

swollen/bursitis/callus/abrasions (H), moderate swollen/bursitis/callus/abrasions (M), pronounced swollen/bursitis/callus/abrasions (P). Record leg and severity, e.g. front right medium as: FRM. Front left (FL), hind right (HR) and hind left (HL). Two first letters denotes which leg, last letter the severity of the deviation. If all four legs are normal, score a sole N as this covers all four legs.

17) Overall conformation of sow – eligible for re-breeding or not. (Y/N)

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Postboks 5003 NO-1432 Ås, Norway +47 67 23 00 00 www.nmbu.no