Fungal associates of the tree-killing bark beetle, Ips typographus, vary in virulence, ability to degrade conifer phenolics and influence bark beetle tunneling behavior

In forest ecology, researchers have been fascinated and challenged by the diversity of drivers that govern the eruptive population dynamics of foliage-feeding moths

Figure 2. Predictions of the SRD for a set of parameters giving potential tree mortality. a) The density of beetles settling in dead trees (brown), living trees (green)

Ranking the trap models in descending order of total capture of beetles gave this list: Lindgren trap, Theysohn, prototype-P, Ecotrap, BEKA, and prototype-K.. However, there

amitinus by MaxEnt resembles the distribution of high-density conifer forests in Northern Europe, and the conifer forests in the southern and western parts of Scandinavia also

We then summarize the allocation costs and fitness benefits associated with three different defensive phenotypes by which spruce trees can face FIGURE 3 Concentration of

In this study we inoculated Norway spruce trees with different strains of the most consistent fungal associates of the spruce bark beetle, analyzed the phenolic contents

amitinus as the main hosts (Picea abies and Pinus sylvestris) are very widely distributed in the PRA area, the climate of the PRA area is largely similar to the area of origin,

sterile malt agar or agar colonized by each of four fungal associates of the spruce bark beetle 316. Ips typographus 1-7