Collective bargaining and labour market flexibility in Norway

(1)

Bjørne Grimsrud and Torgeir Aarvaag Stokke

Fafo

Collective bargaining and labour market flexibility in Norway

Paper prepared for an ILO project

(2)

(3)

Bjørne Grimsrud and Torgeir Aarvaag Stokke

Collective bargaining and labour market flexibility in Norway

Paper prepared for an ILO project

Fafo-paper 1997:23

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Preface

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Introduction

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Historical background

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This section draws heavily on Dølvik et al. (1997) and Dølvik and Stokke (1997).

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In addition, a new employers’ organisation (NAVO) for semi-autonomous state enterprises was founded in 1993.

Source: Nergaard (1993:142). The figure includes Oslo Municipality which conducts its own bargaining.

Roughly 77 per cent of AF’s members are occupationally active as wage-earners The corresponding figure for YS is 84 per cent.

Source: Stokke (1995) and statistics delivered by the confederations.

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Table 1: Total union density and density by confederation from 1960 to 1994

Year Total LO YS AF Independent

1960 52 41 11

1970 50 38 13

1980 55 37 5 5 8

1990 56 33 9 9 5

1994 56 30 10 10 6

Note: YS and AF were both formed in the late 1970s. Earlier confederations outside LO are grouped together with independent unions. Sources: Fennefoss (1988), Stokke (1995).

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Table 2: Union density by industry and sector (1995)

Sector/Industry: Density Recruitable number of employees

All 57 1 840 000

Public sector 79 697 000

Of which: Municipal sector 78 499 000

State sector 85 197 000

Private sector 44 1 142 000

Of which: Production of goods 58 406 000

Private service 36 706 000

Industrial examples: Banking and insurance 78

Manufacturing 62

Private transport 48

Construction 48

Hotels and restaurants 24

Retail trade 23

Wholesale trade 22

Source: Nergaard (1996)

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1 The types of flexibility introduced

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1.3 Flexibility in remuneration

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Collective bargaining

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(17)

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Youth wages

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Benefits for the unemployed

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(18)

Overall developments

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1.4 Working hours

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(19)

Work sharing

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1.5 Job demarcations, externalisation etc.

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2 The position of the social partners on flexibility

2.1 Government policy

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The “solidarity alternative”

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See th postscript for an update

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Political differences

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See postscript for an update.

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Collective bargaining and labour market flexibility in Norway

Bjørne Grimsrud and Torgeir Aarvaag Stokke

Fafo

Collective bargaining and labour market flexibility in Norway

Paper prepared for an ILO project

Bjørne Grimsrud and Torgeir Aarvaag Stokke

Collective bargaining and labour market flexibility in Norway

Paper prepared for an ILO project

Contents

Preface

Introduction

Historical background

Labour market organisations

1 The types of flexibility introduced

1.1 Structural flexibility at the macro level

1.2 Flexibility in employment contracts

1.3 Flexibility in remuneration

1.4 Working hours

1.5 Job demarcations, externalisation etc.

2 The position of the social partners on flexibility

2.1 Government policy

2.2 Employers’ policy

2.3 Trade union approach