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PRECIPITATION CHEMISTRY AT THE NORliEGIAN BACKGROUND STATIONS, 1980

E. Joranger og K. Hoem

NORWEGIAN INSTITUTE FOR AIR RESEARCH

NIL U

ROYAL NORWEGIAN COUNCIL FOR SCIENTIFIC AND INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH

PRECIPITATION CHEHISTRY AT THE NORWEGIAN BACKGROUND STATIONS, 1980

E. Joranger og K. Hoem

NORWEGIAN INSTITUTE FOR AIR RESEARCH P.O. BOX 130, N-2001 LILLESTRØM

NORWAY

PRECIPITATION CHEMISTRY AT THE NORWEGIAN BACKGROUND STATIONS. 1980

This report presents precipitation chemistry data for 1980, based on samples

Norway. Nine of

collected at the stations

1 4

bakcground stations in

were operated as part of the Norwegian national environmental monitoring programme (Statlig program for forurensningsovervåking) which started in 1980 with The State Pollution Control Authority (SFT) as respon- sible for the co-ordination and implementation of the program- me. Six of these stations are also part of the co-operative programme for Monitoring and Evauation of the Long Range Transmission of Air Pollution in Europe (EMEP), in operation from 1978.

This data report is a supplement to the SFT yearly report for 1980 (Statens forurensningstilsyn), including the precipita- tion chemistry data from 5 supplementary NILU-stations. Of these 3 stations have daily sampling (Lista, Vatnedalen, Løken) and two stations monthly sampling (Ås and Kise).

Measurements of sulphur dioxide and particulate sulphate in air at 6 stations and of zinc, cadmium and lead in precipita- tion at 4 stations are only presented in the SFT-report. Refe- rences are also made to the SFT-report, for description of analytical methods and the discussion of the data.

The data are presented as monthly and yearly values. The daily value are available at NILU.

At the monthly precipitation sampling stations at As and Kise the monthly mean concentrations of

generally higher than measured

the main components are

at the stations with daily

precipitation sampling. This is probably due to greater dry deposition from local and long-range transported pollutants when using monthly bulk sampling. In addition the evaporation from the bulk sampler may cause higher concentrations parti- cularly in the summer

amounts.

REFERENCES

Statens forurensnings- tilsyn

season and with small precipitation

Overvåking av langtransportert foru- renset luft og nedbør. Årsrapport

1980. Oslo 1981. (Statlig program

for forurensningsovervåking. Rapport

nr. 26/81).

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Table 3: Yearly weighted mean concentrations of precipitation components at the Norwegian background stations, 1980.

Stasjon H +

so,-s

N03-N NH,-N Ca _K Mg Na Cl

mgS/1 mgN/1 mgN/1 mg/1 mg/1 mg/1 mg/1 mg/1

Birkenes 69 1. 2 0.57 0.63 0.22 0.16 0.11 0.83 1. 55

Skreådalen 29 0. 5 0.21 0.21 0.15 0.16 0.17 1. 32 2.41

Treungen 58 0. 9 0.38 0.39 0.14 0.07 0.04 0.25 0.47

Gulsvik 47 0. 8 0.25 0.27 0.13 0.16 0.03 0.13 0.24

Narbuvoll 16 0.4 0.15 0.14 0.23 0.14 0.04 0.27 0.30

Fitjar 43 0.8 0. 33 0.33 0.22 0.16 0.34 2.57 4.70

Kårvatn 13 0. 2 0.07 0.08 0.11 0.07 0.13 1.08 1. 89

Tustervatn* 11 0.3 0.09 0.16 0.14 0.19 0.12 0.93 1. 74

Jergul 27 0. 4 0.12 0.09

-

^{0.12 0.08 0.03 0.21 0.30}

Lista* 61 1.1 0.59 0.54 0.47 0.58** 1.00 13.15** 23.32**

Vatnedalen 28 0. 5 0.16 0.10 0.14 0.09** 0.06 0.61** 1.05**

Løken 46

·' 1.0 0.39 0.49 0.25 0.16** 0.08 0.91** 1.56**

Ås 60 1.8 0.64 0. 75 0.79 0.36 0.21 1. 21 1.91

Kise 25 1.1 0.35 1. 68 0.55 0.84 0.17 0.13 0.38

* Measurements at Tustervatn missing in December Measurements at Lista missing in May

** Mean concentrating September through December

Table 4: The wet deposition of precipitation components at the Norwegian background stations, 1980.

Stasjon H +

so,-s

N03-N NH,-N Ca _K Mg Na Cl

meq/m2 gS/m2 gN/m2 gN/m2 g/m2 g/m'- g/in2 g/m2 g/m2

Birkenes 80 1. 42 0.66 0.73 0.26 0.18 0.13 0. 96 1. 79

Skreådalen 56 0.93 0. 40 0.41 0.30 0.31 0.33 2.58 4.69

Treungen 44 0.67 0.28 0.29 0.10 0.06 0.03 0.19 0. 36

Gulsvik 31 0.52 0 .17 0.18 0.09 0.10 0.02 0.08 0.16

Narbuvoll 9

·o.

^{24 0.09 0.08} 0.14 0.08 0.03 0.16 0. l 'l

Fitjar 63 1.14 0.50 0.50 0.33 0.24 0.50 3.83 7.00

Kårvatn 11 0.25 0.09 ~0.09 0.14 0.08 0.16 1. 32 2. 31

Tustervatn* 9 0.21 0.01 0.12 0.10 0.14 0.08 0.67 1.25

Jeraul 7 0.11 0.03 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.06 0.08

Lista* 58 1.00 0.56 0.52 0.45 - 0.96

- -

Vatnedalen 22 0. 36 0.13 0.08 0.11

-

^0.05

- -

Løken 32 0.67 0.27 0.34 0.17

-

^0.06

- -

Ås 29 0.88 0.31 0. 36 0.38 0.17 0.10 0.58 0.92

Kise 12 0.50 0.16 0.77 0.25 0.38 0.08 0.06 0.17

* Incomplete year

Table 5: Honthly and yearly weighted mean values of the pH in the precipi- tation at the Norwegian background stations,

1980.

Stasjon Jan. feb. Mars April Mai Juni Juli /\ug. Sept. Okt. Nov. Des. År

lllrkcncs 3.9 4.2 3.8 4.2 4.1 4. 2 4. 2 4.2 4.0 4.4 4. 5 4. 4 4.16

Skreddalen' 4. 2 4.7 4. 2 4.8 4.6 4. 2 4.6 4. 3 4.2 4.8 4.7 5.0 4.54

Treungen 4.2 4. 4 3.8 4.5 4. 2 4. l 4.3 4.4 4.1 4.4 4.6 4.4 4.23

Gulsvik 4.0 4.8 3.9 4. 2 4. 2 4.J 4.4 4. 3 4.2 4.5 5.2 4. 7 4. 33

Narbuvoll 4.6 5.2 4.5 4.5 4.6 4. 7 5.0 4.9 4.8 4.8 5.3 5.1 4.80

Fitjar 4.0 4.5 4. l 4.4 3.9 4.4 4. 5 4.3 4.2 4.7 4.6 4.9 4.37

Kårvatn 5.0 5.0 4.8 4.8 4.9 4.5 4.7 4.8 4.8 5.1 5.3 5.3 4.88

Tustervatn 5.1 5.0 4.9 5.0 4.6 4. 5 4.6 5.1 4.8 5.0 5.3 - ^4.98

Jergul 4.9 4.9 4.5 4. 5 4.2 4.3 4.5 4.7 4.9 4.6 5.0 · 5. 2 4.57

Lista 4.0 4.1 3.9 3.9 - 4.3 4.5 4.1 4.0 4.4 4.4 4.5 4.22

Vatnedalen 4.1 4.7 4.1 4.5 4.4 4.4 4.2 4.4 4.2 4.9 4.9 5.0 4.55

LØken 4.1 4.3 4.0 6.0 4.0 4.4 4.9 4.5 4.3 4.5 4.6 4.5 4.33

Ås 3. 7 4.3 4.0 6.8 4.0 4.3 4.2 4.9 4.1 4.5 5.4 4.4 4.22

Kise 3.8 4.4 4.0 5.4 4.1 4.4 4.7 7.1 7.3 5.9 5.4 5.2 4.60

Table 6: Honthly and yearly weighted mean concentrations of excess sulphate in precipitation at the Norwegian background stations,

1980.

Unit: mgS/1.

Stas jan Jan. Feb. Mars April Mai Juni Juli /\ug. Sept. Okt. Nov. Des. År

Birkenes 2.0 0.9 3.2 · 2 .0 2.0 1.5 1. 2 1.0 1.6 0.6 0.4 0.5 l. 23

Skreådalen 0.8 0.4 1.1 0.9 0.5 l. 2 0.6 0.9 0.8 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.48

Treungen 0.9 0.3 2.8 1.5 _l. 3 l. 4 0.9 0.6 1. 2 0.5 0.3 0.4 0.88

Gulsvik l. 4 0.2 2.3 3.6 1.4 0. 7 0.6 0.8 0.9 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.78

Nurbuvoll 0.4 0.7 0.6 1.1 0.9 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.40

Fitjar 1. 2 0.8 1.5 l. 4 2.1 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.0 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.76

Kåcva tn 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.20

'l'us tervatn 0.1 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 - ^0.36

Jergul 0.1 0.1 O.J 0.6 1.0 1.0 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.4 0.1 0.1. 0.42

Lista l. 3 1.1 1.7 2.2 - 1.0 l. l 1.5 1.6 0.5 0.6 0.5 1.05

Vatnedalen 0.9 0.2 1. 3 0.4 1:0 0.7 1. 4 0.6 0.9 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.45

LØken 1. 3

o.

7 2.2 2.6 2.5 0.9 0.8 0.7 1.1 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.97

Ås 2.8 0.8 2.9 5.4 5.5 2.4 1.5 1.1 1. 9 0.8 0.9 0.8 1.82

Kise 3.6 0.3 2.4 3.4 3.4 1.1 0.6 1.5 0.8 0.4 0.3 0.5 1.10

Table 7: Monthly and yearly weighted mean concentrations of nitrate i~ the precipitation at the Norwegian background stations, 1980.

Unit: mgN/1.

Stasjon Jan. Feb. Mars April Mai Juni Juli Aug. Sept. Okt. Nov. Des. Ar Birkenes 1.07 0. 71 1. 70 1.02 0.53 0. 45 0.36 0.40 0.88 0.30 0.20 0.33 0.57 Skreådalen 0.60 0. 28 0.89 0. 45 0.19 0.33 0.23 0.33 0.39 0.09 0.13 0.07 0. 21 Treungen 0.51 0.39 1. 38 0.60 0.26 0.39 0.23 0.17 0.53 0.24 0.19 0. 32 0.38 Gulsvik 0.73 0.25 1.07 1. 34 0.24 0.18 0.03 0.19 0. 20 0.16 0. 21 0.33 0.25 Narbuvoll 0.27 0.42 0.37 0. 49 0.21 0.13 0.08 0.11 0.15 0.08 0.11 0.19 0.15 Fitjar 0.76 0.43 0.92 0.65 0. 71 0.24 0.32 0.40 0.48 0.11 0.26 0.12 0.33 Kårvatn 0.07

a.os a.os

0.09 0.11 0.17 0.13 0.11 0.09 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.07 Tustervatn 0.04 0.16 0.08 0.08 0.10 0.15 .Q.21 0.08 0.05 0.17 0.08

-

^0.09

Jergul 0.12 0. 20 0.26 0.14 0.16 0.22 0.09 0.13 0.03 0.11 0.14 0.08 0 .12

Lista 1.15 0.84 1.38 1.81 - 0.39 0.38 0.65 1.00 0.27 0.36 0.31 0.59

Vatnedalen 0.72 0.22 0.79 0.41 0.23 0.18 0.28 0.33 0.34 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.16 LØken 0.70 ' 0.57 1.05 0.44 0.59 0. 28 0.26 0.27 0.48 0.24 0.26 0.43 0.39

As 0.99 0.68 1.12 1. 47 1. 52 0.38 0.33 0.30 0.80 0.69 0.38 0.54 0.64

Kise 0.80 0.43 0.83 0.51 0.58 0.36 0.13 0.62 0.28 0.15 0.26 0. 38. 0.35

Table 8: Monthly and yearly weighted mean concentrations of ammonium in precipitation at the Norwegian background stations, 1980.

Unit: mgN/1.

Stasjon Jan. Feb. . Mars April Mai Juni Juli Aug. Sept. Okt . Nov. Des. Ar Birkenes 1.17 0. 37 2.03 0.89 1.03 0.65 0.61 0.39 0.95 0.27 0.09 0.21 0.63 Skreådalen 0.61 0.28 0.82 0.57 0.23 0.41 0. 35 0.41 0. 36 0.06 0 .10 0.07 0. 21 Treungen 0.44 0.11 l. 35 0.64 0.63 0.55 0.24 0.45

a.so

0.19 0.15 0. 20 0. 39 Gu L svik 0.60 0.09 1.17 1. 78 0. 72 0.13 0.06 0.11 0.13 0.11 0.34 0.38 0. 27 Narbuvoll 0. 20 0.51 0. 23 0.41 0. 39 0.17 0.03 0.09 0.14 0.03 0.04 0.09 0.14 Fitjar 0.70 0.30 0.84 1.08 0.57 0.23 0.43 0.42 0. 46 0.06 0. 30 0.15 0.33

xå r ve t n 0.09 0.06 0.04 0.09 0.09 0.14 0.27 0.13 0.08 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.08

Tustervatn 0.13 0.30 0.14 0.16 0.25 0.21 0.38 0. 21 0.06 0.11

on

ⁱ - 0.16 Jergul 0.04 0.02

a.os

0.08 0.26 0.24 0.03 0. 21 0.04 0.06 0.02 0.02 0.09 Lista 0.93 0.56 . 1.07 1. 36

-

^{0.33 0.64 0.83 0.94}

-

^{0.21 0.34 0.19 0.54}

Vatnedalen 0.21 0.07 0.44 0.13 0.25 0.18 0.19 0.18 0.24 0.03 0.02 0.03 0.10 LØken 0.82 0.41 1.34 1.15 1. 26 0.38 0.52 0.28 0.53 0.25 0.33 0.40 0.49

As 1. 20 0.14 1. 60 3.10 1. 50 0.93 0.28 0.65 0.99 0.40 0.30 0.20 0.75

Kise 1.68 0.12 1.01 0.88 1.64 0.40 0.16 5.00 7.35 0.35 0.17 0.90 1.68

Tab l e 9: Mo n t h l y and ye a r l y w eig h te d m ea n co nc e n t r at i o n s

oj calcium in precipitation at the Norwegian background stations, 1980.

Unit: mg/1.

Stasjon Jan. Feb. Mars April Mai Juni Juli Aug. Sept. Okt. Nov. Des. År

lllrkenes D.19 0.07 0.38 1.04 0.19 0.37 0.20 0.13 0.22 0.16 0.15 0.15 0.22 Skreådalen D.14 0.13 0. 27 0.53 0 .19 0. 20 0.15 0.13 0.14 0.13 0.14 0.14 0 .15 Treungen 0.12 0.05 0. 23 1. 26 0.26 0.17 0.12 0.10 0.18 0.08 0.09 0.08 0.14 C:ulsvik 0.12 0.05 0.18 2.39 0.18 0.13 0.11 0.16 0.09 0.13 0.10 0.08 0.13 Naruuvoll 0.24 0.61 0.24 0.35 0. 30 0.21 0.18 0.18 0.23 0.19 0.25 0.30 0.23 fi tjar 0.33 0.23 0.52 0.42 0.13 0.15 0.24 0.13 0.16 0.27 0.33 0.24 0.22

xå r va t n 0.11 0.07 0.11 0.11 0.23 0.15 0.11 0.07 0.09 0.09 0.14 0.14 0.11

Tustervatn 0.12 0. 28 0.08 0.15 0.11 0.18 0.21 0.11 0.11 0.13 0:16 - 0.14 Jergul 0.10 0.31 0.07 0 .15 0.16 0.19 0.09 0.14 0.10 0.08 0.11 0.11 0.12

Lista 0.31 0.18 0.23 0.67 - 0.28 0.30 0.25 0.54 0.66 0.51 0.94 0.47

Vatnedalen 0.17 0.10 0.26 0.14 0.39 0.13 0.14 0.11. 0.16 0.20 0.11 0.09 0.14 LØken 0.13 0.09 0.37 3. 78 0.49 0. 20 0.14 0.16 0.20 0. 21 0.15 0.26 0.25

Ås 0.60 0. 72 0.68 6. 22 3.03 0.91 0.41 0.36 0.41 0.50 1.20 0.53 0.79

Kise 0.44 0.10 0.45 3.18 0.84 0.27 0.16 1. 28 0.97 0.30 0.47 0.55 0.55

Table 10: Monthly and yearly weighted mean concentrations of potassium at the Norwegian background stations, 1980.

Unit: mg/1.

Stasjon · Jan. Feb. Mars Apr. Mai Juni Juli /\ug. Sept. Okt. Nov. Des. År

Birkenes 0.18 0.05 0.21 0.20 0.32 0.11 0.20 0.14 0.22 0.15 0.12 0.15 0.16

Skreådalen 0.39 0.19 0.37 0.39 0.14 0.12 0. 23 0.12 0.13 0.12 0.16 0 .18 0.16

'rreungen 0.07 0.01 0.13 0.07 0.10 0.08 0.06 0.11 0.10 0.06 0.05 0.03 0.07

Gulsvik 0.24 0.13 0.18 0. 28 0.10 0.04 0.12 0.19 0.09 0.36 0.10 0.07 0.16 Narbuvoll 0.08 0.23 0.10 0.07 0.09 0 .10 0.08 0.09 0.27 0.19 0.11 0.18 0.14 Fitjar

o.

31 0 .14 0.19 0.23 0.07 0.10 0.16 0.13 0.13 0.18 0.23 0.19 0.16

Kårvatn 0.06 0.05 0.08 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.11 -0.05 0.05 0.07 0.10 0.09 0.07

Tustervatn 0.15 0.39 0.09 0.16 0.10 0.10 0.22 0.23 0.10 0.13 0.11 0.18 0.19

Jergul 0.03 0.18 0.07 0.04 0.07 0.18 0.09 0.08 0.12 0.04 0.06 0.09 0.08

Lista

- -

- - - ^{0.46 0.59 0.48 0.77 0.58}

Vatnedalen

-

^-

- -

^{- -}

- -

^{0.12 0.09 0.09 0.08 0.09}

LØken - -

-

^{- -}

- - -

^{0.20 0.15 0.16 0.12 0.16}

Ås 0.14 0.02 0.15 1.03 1. 62 0.14 0.34 0.40 0.28 0.73 0.26 0.17 0.36

Kise 0.11 0.02 0.07 0.11 0.24 0.07 0.10 5.30 2.16 0.06 0.04 0.02 0.84

Table

11:

Honthly and yearly weighted mean concentrations of

~OdL~Y'Y'\

in precipitation at the Norwegian background stations, 1980.

Unit: mg/1.

s c a s jon Jan. Feb. Mars April Mai Juni Juli Aug. Sept. Okt. Nov. Des. Ar

Birkenes 1.07 0.19 l. 31 0. 42 0.25 o. 21 0. 24 0. 42 0.76 l. 35 0. 71 1.91 0.83 Skreådalen 1.12 l. 04 2.86 l. 44 0.19 0.26 0.19 0.52 0.56 l. 53 l. 99 2.12 l. 32 Treungen 0.44 0.08 0. 29 0.25 0.09 0.18 0.14 0.15 0.22 0. 38 0. 30 0 .49 0.25 Gulsvik 0 .19 0.07 0 .15 0.41 0.11 0.10 0.09 0.09 0.12 0.15 0.24 0.15 0.13 Narbuvoll 0.90 0.61 0.13 0.32 0.15 0.22 0.38 0.19 0.26 0.10 0.33 0 .81 0.27 Fitjar 4.50 l. 42 6.40 2. 73 0.51 0.90 1. 35 1. 26 1. 23 3.90 5.18 3.79 2.57 Kårvatn 2.18 1.06 1. 34 1. 32 0.51 0.10 0.33 0.19 0.48 0.73 1. 91 2.12 1.08 Tustervatn 1.62 4.41 0.09 1.33 0.27 0.14 0.18 0.16 0.32 0. 38 0.98 - 0.93 Jergul 0.23 0.60 0.05 0.10 0.23 0.54 0.24 0.16 0.10 0.11 0.27 0.25 0. 21

Lista - - - -

-

^{- - - 7 .11 13. 31 10.06 21.31 11.3.15}

Vatnedalen

-

^{- - -}

- -

^{- - 0.17 0.50 0.27 1.06 0.61}

LØken

- -

^{- - -}

-

- - ^{0.52 1.13 0.62 1.19 0.91}

Ås 0.40 0.10 0.30 1.56 0.90 0.20 0.40 0.30 1.00 3.40 0. 70 2.45 1.21

Kise 0.34 0.10 0.12 0.34 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.20 0.20 0.10 0.10 0.20 0.13

Table

11:

Honthly and yearly weighted mean concentrations

of~ "4l~~IU"l in

precipitation at the Norwegian background stations, 1980.

Unit: mg/1.

Stasjon Jan. Feb. Mars April Mai Juni Juli Aug. Sept. Okt. Nov. Des. År

'

Birkenes 0.14 0.01 0.20 0.11 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.11 0 .18 0.10 0.22 0.11 SkreAtlalen 0. 12 0.09 0.)4 0. 20 0.02 0.04 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.20 0.25 0.27 0.17 Treungen 0.04 0.01 0.06 0.13 _0.03 0.03 0.02 Q.03 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.06 0.04 Gulsvik 0.02 0.01 0.05 0. 21 0.02

o·.

⁰² 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.06 0.03 Narbuvoll 0.11 0.08 0.04 0.09 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.05 0.02 0.05 0 .10 0.04 Fitjar 0.42 0.16 0.69 0.32 0.10 0.13 0. 18 0.15 0.16 0.50 0.65 0.57 0.)4 Kårva tn 0.21 0.13 0.17 0.18 0.06 0.02 0.04 0.02 0.07 0.10 0.22 0. 27 0.13 Tustervatn 0. 19 0.52 0.02 0.16 0.04 0.03 0.08 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.12

-

^0.12

Jergul 0.03 0.06 0.01 0.03 0.04 0.08 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.04 0.03 0.03

Lista. 0.46 0.21 0.15 0.45

-

^{0.33 0.12 0.45 0.92 l. 76 1. 32 2.57 1.00}

Vatnedalen 0.06 0.04 0.11 0.09 0.05 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.08 0.03 0.12 0.06

LØken 0.03 0.02 0.06 0.27 0.06 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.06 0.15 0.04 0.14 0.08

Ås 0.09 0.04 0.07 0.59 0.51 0.12 0.09 0.06 0.12 0.45

o.

^{20 0.32 0. 21}

Kise 0.07 0.01 0.06 0.22 0.10 0.04 0.02 0.82 0.35 0.08 0.06 0.05 0.17