EN URBAN UTVIKLINGSSTRATEGI
LAURIE VESTØL DAGUR EGGERTSSON
What does unsustainable look like?
Overdevelopment, Overpopulation, Overshoot by Tom Butler, William Ryerson, et al (Goff Books, March 2015)
Human numbers and activity are already destroying the planet’s ecological integrity. Our
quest for greater and greater material prosperity is now impoverishing future generations.
Shanghai, China – 24 mill New Delhi, India, population 22 million
Los Angeles USA 4 million
United Nations Sustainable Development Goals
On 1 January 2016, the 17 Sustainable Development Goals officially came in to force - adopted by world leaders in September 2015 at an historic UN Summit. Each goal has specific targets to be achieved over the next 15 years.
Shanghai, China – 24 mill
The sweet fluffy donut with a dead center
Dayton Ohio har 6601 tomme
bygninger I sentrum I 2016
Historisk bygninger i Dayton gjenbrukes til byleiligheter.
“Project Watch”
5 billion kroner investeres
i bykjernen i Dayton Ohio
Trump's plans for "urban renewal"
include expanding opportunities for cities and states to seek a
federal disaster designation -- typically reserved for natural disasters - - to provide for an injection of federal funds "to initiate the rebuilding of vital infrastructure, the demolition of abandoned properties and increased presence of law enforcement."
http://edition.cnn.com/2016/10/26/politics/donald-trump-urban- renewal-election-2016/
The Rise of the ‘Inner City’
In reality, the central neighborhoods of many major American cities are thriving. A recent analysis by researchers at the Federal Housing Finance Agency found that home values had risen faster in the heart of big cities than anywhere else in the country over the last 25 years, a sign of their turnaround.
http://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/12/upshot/actually-many-inner- cities-are-doing-great.html
Urban living-labs handler om å eksperimentere mer før man tar
beslutninger, for å lære hva som fungerer og ikke gjør det.
Tor Erling Naas og tegneserie som verktøy i å formidle byutvikling
Bylandskapet
Gjennomføringsevne
Gjenbruk av bygg og byrom
1. Bylandskapet
Organiske kontra mekaniske systemer.
Urban landscape – green space
Central Park i New York City
New York rooftops
Why farm in the sky?
With ground space a premium in North America’s densest metropolis, New York has positioned itself as a ripe hotbed for rooftop farms. Urban farms and gardens outnumber Starbucks three to one in New York.
Brooklyn Grange and financial viability Brooklyn Grange (worlds largest) was founded through a CSA, and specializes in selling to local businesses and spurring community economic growth.
Gotham Greens
Partnered with Whole Foods to create the nation’s first industrial-scale greenhouse—
20,000 ft2 on the roof of Whole Foods’
Gowanus, Brooklyn
Big Quiet meditation event last summer at Brooklyn Grange
Their Brooklyn Navy Yard location has begun offering increased public access, with school programs, sunrise yoga, and even weddings that they personally cater. They also operate the city’s largest apiary, with 30 beehives currently in operation.
Madison
We associate Minnesota and Wisconsin with the influx of Scandinavians during the 19th century, but the upper Midwest is experiencing a demographic revolution. The region has twice the share of immigrants from Southeast Asia as the United States as a whole and five times the share of immigrants from Africa as the nation as a whole.
The Hmong population in Wisconsin, California and Minnesota are urban farmers.
After immigrating to the United States after the Vietnam War, studies of Hmong women showed that many of them still practiced agriculture similar to that of when they were back in Southeast Asia. These “urban gardens” have become
reconstructions of their former gardens – using agricultural techniques passed down to them by their parents and grandparents back in Laos.
Troy garden
Photo Laurie Vestøl
Chicago neighborhoods
South side
Special attention to utilizing urban agriculture to revitalize neighborhoods on Chicago’s south side is paying dividends in everything from farmers markets to restaurant rooftop gardens. And it’s not just the farms, it’s the new bike trails, bed & breakfasts, reuse stores and pop-up businesses.
Chicago Botanic Garden has built garden oases in some of the city’s most challenged neighborhoods.
Windy City Harvest Youth Farm educates and employs 80 to 90 teens from low-income
communities. Downtown Chicago, “the Plant” has a farm, urban canopy
rooftop farm, and indoor demonstration farms and educational facilities.
Public parks & waterways
The Chicago Lakefront Trail.
Debris from the Chicago Fire was used as landfill to construct Lakefront Park, which is now known as Grant Park. The Lakefront Trail is a scenic 18-mile running & biking path connecting various beaches and recreational amenities located along the lakefront.
Laurie Vestøl: Landscape architect employed at Sundt & Thomassen AS in Asker from 1984-2006.
Designed the River Park (Elveparken) in Drammen fra Erik Børresens gate til Holmenbrua, 2002.
The first sketches showing a promenade with bike paths, beaches, bird sanctuary and plantings.
River park in Drammen, Norway
Elveparken i Drammen
Elveparken i Drammen
Murbyen, gågata og Bryggeparken i Skien. Veisystem som barriere mot vannet.
2. Gjennomføringsevne
Drammen Skien
Revitalisering av Drammen
Samarbeid mellom det private og det offentlige om utviklingen av byen . Menneskelige ressurser, alle de lokale gårdeiere og drivere, er viktig for revitaliseringen.
Skien
Porsgrunn
Kommunal
stedsledelse
Skien 2020
Handlingsprogram vedtatt i bystyret i juni 2013.
Målet for Skien 2020 er å jobbe overordnet for å øke bylivet i
sentrum. Ønsket er 2000 nye boliger i murbyen.
Topp down &
Bottom-up
MOSAIKK
Gjenbruk av murbyen Skien
Mosaikk
et konsept om å revitalisere alle byrom i murbyen Skien
levende gårdsrom – mosaikk 1. Midlertidig byrom.
Skien har 40 gårdsrom - arenaer for samarbeid og handlingskraft.
Programmering av gårdsrommene av Rintala & Eggertssson Architects.
3. Gjenbruk av bygg
og byrom
MOSAIKK
Gjenbruk av murbyen Skien
In 2007 the market square was usually deserted.
The café project – from 2008-2012
In 2008 we started working with the cafés in the inner core. The municipality purchased 300 design chairs and 60 tables which the cafés could borrow for free. As a result, the town square and the pedestrian streets
became popular places for informal chats. The cafees doubled their income and the number of cafés
increased from 5 to about 20. We have counted the number of people in the city spaces from 2011 until 2015 – which has increased by 60%.
Bakgården til Mamis kafé i Torggata 11.
«Før» situasjon i 2008
3 dager senere -
Bakgårdsstunt
Skistredet 7 – kultur og kunst i bakgårdene
Invite people into the courtyards of Skien. Passages through the brick city.
Universell utforming
Kafé Sitt Ned i Skien fikk BUF tilgjengelighetsprisen for 2015.
Kaféen er meget godt tilrettelagt for mennesker med nedsatt funksjonsevne.
Sitt Ned gårdsrom
Skiens minste gårdsrom er nå blitt tre ganger så stort og brukes av kafeen Sitt Ned til
uteservering. Dronninga Landskap har tegnet en minimalistisk bakgård med god universell
utforming. Plasstøpt betong gir planfrie innganger. Professor Kari Skoe Fredriksens mosaikkvegg viser det vakre og det sterke, symbolisert med løvetannen.
Telemarksgata 14 byleiligheter
Telemarksgate 14 er tilrettelagt for at alle typer mennesker skal kunne bo i Skien sentrum.
Leilighetene er Husbankfinansiert med grunnlån og tilskudd. Gårdeieren har investert mellom 15 – 20 millioner kroner i rehabilitering av bygget.
Leilighetene er Husbankfinansierte med grunnlån og tilskudd. Gårdeieren har investert
mellom 15 – 20 millioner kroner i rehabilitering av bygget.
We raised 3 mill kr. to build the first rooftop farm in Norway in 2014, but still
lacked 2 mill for the bearing walls.
Meierigården bakgård i Porsgrunn 2015
Meierigården bakgård i Porsgrunn 2016
Meierigården bakgård i Porsgrunn 2016
Hva med din by?
Det vokser frem en positivitet når alle byens aktører blir involvert i den fysiske realiseringen og alle får se konkrete resultater av byutvikling.
1. Involver aktørene i byen
Jobb med å skape tillit mellom samarbeidspartnere ved å gjennomføre et eller flere testprosjekt sammen. Samarbeidskultur gir et større vekstpotensial.
Husk et globalt perspektiv og nye muligheter.
2. Jobb med «bottom up» prosjekter
Ofte sliter man med å finne et praktisk
startpunkt i byutvikling.
3. Begynn med et
sentralt dødt byrom
4. Nedtegn en idé for et eller flere byrom
Med hjelp av en arkitekt, utvikle et konsept som kan gjentas, slik at byen gradvis fornyes. Start i det små, og tenk på kvalitet i alle ledd fra idé til gjennomføring.
Meierigården i Porsgrunn. Tegnet av arkitekt Dagur Eggertsson & landskapsarkitekt Laurie Vestøl
5. Velg verdigrunnlaget for byutviklingsstrategien
6. Lag byfornyelses program
7. Sikre politisk forankring og styring 8. Lag tverrfaglig økonomiplan 9. Bruk kommunens handlingsdel
10. Fyll byens rolle i bo- og arbeidsmarkedsregionen
11. Tenk stedsinnovasjon og myndiggjøring av grasrota
Martin Wharten fra Norge
Street art in Athens
Winter Stations is an annual public art competition that challenges designers
worldwide to reimagine Toronto's lifeguard stations as a basis for winter art. The
exhibition is to run February 20 until March 27, 2017.
Tom Fruin's "Watertower"
MM1 - Exhibition Room For Contemporary Art
Rintala Eggertsson Architects
China
New York, USA Porsgrunn, Norway
“A huge body of research has shown that small wins have enormous power, an influence disproportionate to the accomplishments of the victories
themselves. “Small wins are a steady application of a small advantage.
Once a small win has been accomplished, forces are set in motion that favor another small win.
Small wins fuel transformative changes
by leveraging tiny advantages into patterns that convince people that bigger achievements are within reach. .. … Small wins do not combine in a neat, linear, serial form, with each step being a demonstrable step closer to some predetermined goal. More common is the circumstance wheresmall wins are scattered … like miniature experiments
that test implicit theories about resistance and opportunity and uncover both resources and barriers that were invisible before the situation was stirred up.”
New York Times bestseller The Power of Habit: Why We Do What We Do and How to Change, Charles Duhigg
Mosaikk – en urban utviklingsstrategi
Mange småskalaprosjekter danner i sum et mønster som uttrykker en større forandring. Over tid kan store samfunnstransformasjoner skje når bærekraftige verdier legges til grunn for prosjektarbeidet.
EN URBAN UTVIKLINGSSTRATEGI
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