TN-07-78.pdf (839.3Kb)

DATO: FEBRUAR 1978

KILDERL

BY BRIAN LAMB

NORWEGIAN INSTITUTE FOR AIR RESEARCH P.O. BOX 130, 2001 LILLESTRØM

NORWAY

- 2 -

KILDERL

KILDERL is a modified version of the NILU computer program called KILDER by Schjoldager (1974). These programs use the gaussian plume model to calculate the pollutant concentration at each point in a grid containing one or more emission sources.

Both volume and point sources can be simulated. The basic formulations and procedures employed in KILDER remain un- changed in KILDERL. Thus, the KILDER program manuel should be consulted for descriptions and details concerning the application of KILDER and KILDERL. The primary purpose for modifying KILDERL was to evaluate the contribution of a

source or group of sources to the total concentration.

During the development of this capability the following provisions were included in KILDERL:

1) The concentration grid caused by one or more volume sources can be calculated and printed. The concentration grid caused by each point source can calculated and printed. The

concentration grids resulting from two groups of sources can be calculated and printed. Finally, the concentration array produced by all sources will be calculated and printed

(Figures 1, 2 and 3). These options are only applicable for a single meteorological situation (on Card 10, IOBS=l).

2) The concentration profile along any one X-axis and/or along any one Y-axis can be plotted (Figures 4 and 5).

3) The concentration array resulting from all sources can be plotted in 3 dimensions as a function of X and Y (Figure 6).

4) The topography data can be printed and/or plotted in 3 dimensions as a function of X and Y (Figure 7).

5) The distance between grid points along either the X or Y axis equals MÅLEST/100 where MÅLEST is the map scale. In KILDER, the distance is calculated as MÅLEST/50.

6) For a specified concentration standard, Cs, and calculated concentrations, C(X,Y), the area (m²) where C(X,Y)> Cs can be calculated.

7) The value of an impact function, I=/ / C(X,Y) dxdy for y X

C(X,Y)> Cs, can be estimated. For calculation purposes, the integrals are simplified to,

Ymax Xmax

I

=

J=l J=l

where A is the area per grid square. The calculated value

of I. roughly corresponds to the volume under the surface given by plotting C(X,Y) as a function of X and Y.

8) Concentrations can be calculated in µg/m³ or for SFG

emissions, in parts per trillion (1 part SFG/10¹² parts air).

9) Deposited pollutant concentrations in grass CG(X,Y) can be calculated for a specified deposition velocity, VD, and total deposition time, TD with the following formula,

where Kis a constant for conversion of units; the value of K used in the program is based on the assumption that there is an average vegetation cover equal to 400 grams/m²•

Values of CG are calculated in ppm (dry weight).

In order to use KILDERL, the control cards and input data should be punched as follows:

- 4 -

CONTROL CARDS:

NAME, CM200000, PC, MTl CHARGE, X0032H - XXXX.

ATTACH (KILDERL, ID= NILU)

LABEL, TAPE 7, W, L=PLOT, X= SV, Y, F = S, RING KILDERL

If the plotting provisions are not used, the card "Label,

tape 7 " should be removed from the control card sequence.

DATA INPUT FORMAT Card 1

Variable: ITITLE (8) Format 8Al0

Cards 2-5

Variables: SIGA1 (4), SIGEl (4), Pl(4), Rl(4) Format 8Fl0.2

These are the dispersion coefficients for calculating a and y a for releases from heights less than 50 m.

z

a = SIGAl XPl y

a z = SIGEl XRl where X is the downwind distance in meters.

Cards 6-9

Variables: SIGA2 (4), SIGE2(4), P2(4), R2(4) Format 8Fl0.2

These are the dispersion coefficients for calculating a and y a for releases from heights greater than 50 m.

z

a y a z

=

=

Card 10

Variables: IOBS, IUTSL, IFTID, IOPT, IRES, IXMAX, IYMAX Format 7 Il0

IOBS IUTSL IFTID IOPT IRES IXMAX IYMAX

Number of meteorological observations Number of emission sources

See KILDER manual See KILDER manual

IRES=l, calculate the concentration at a single point Number of grid points along the X-axis

Number of grid points along the Y-axis Card 11

Variables: HEIGHT, MÅLEST, NSEK, IKART, IHOYD, IXO, NSOURC Format 7110

Height MÅLEST NSEK IKART

IHOYD IXO

NSOURC

Height above ground at which concentrations will be calculated (meters).

Map scale

See KILDER manual

IKART=O, map will be printed only for the whole period IKART=l, map will be printed for each time interval IKART=2, maps will be printed for the contribution of the first "NSOURC" sources, for each point source, and for all sources.

IKART=3, maps will be printed for the contribution of the first NSOURC sources, for the contribution of the last (IUTSL-NSOURC) sources and for all sources.

IHOYD=l, the topography data will be printed IXO=O, concentrations will be given in parts per trillion (1 part in 10¹²)

IXO=l, concentrations will be given in µg/m³ Number of sources whose contributions will be

summed and printed according to the value of IKART.

- 6 -

Card 12

Variables: IPLOT, IPROFL, IFX, IFY, ICON3D, ITOP3D Format 6I5

IPLOT IPROFL IFX IFY ICON3D ITOP3D

: IPLOT=l, plots will be drawn (control cards must include "Label" card)

: IPROFL=l, the concentration profile across the

IFY row and/or along the IFX column will be plotted.

: Column number to be plotted; IFX=0 no plot will be drawn.

Row number to be plotted; IFY=0 no plot will be drawn.

ICON3D=l, final concentration array will be plotted in 3 dimensions.

ITOP3D=l, topography data will be plotted in 3 dimensions.

(ICON3D and ITOP3D cannot both equal l; only one 3-dimensional perspective will be drawn during each run of the program.)

Card 13

Variables: ALPHA, BETA Format 2Fl0,l

ALPHA : Reflection factor from the ground

BETA Reflection factor from an inversion lid.

Card 14

Variables: TMID, DELTAH, HFAK, XRES, YRES, VD, DTIME, STANDRD Format : 8Fl0,l

TMID Average air temperature during period.

DELTAH : See -KILDER manual.

HFAK Reduction factor for plume centerline height HFAK=0, topography data will not be read.

XRES,YRES: Coordinate of reception point for IRES=l VD Deposition velocity (cm/sec)

DTIME Total deposition time (days)

STANDRD : Concentration standard (µg/m³ or ppt). Area where concentration equals or exceeds standard will be calculated. The integral:

I = /

fe

X y be calculated.

Cards 15 - (15+IYMAX, for IXMAX <12) or (15+2•IYMAX, for IXMAX >12) Variable: IY = 1, IYMAX

(HOYDE (IX,IY), IX= IXMAX).

Format HOYDE

12F5.0

Height of the ground above sea level (in meters) The remaining cards are identical to those described in the KILDERL manual.

REFERENCE

Schjoldager, J. Program KILDER,

NILU Tecnical Note 2/75.

(1974).

8

2 3 4 5 6 Y 10 ll LL l..:S 14 1~ 16 17 i s 10 20 21 22 23 24

40 39 38 37 36 35 34

7 7 7 6 6 6 6 5

31

31 30

5 5

9 12 9 12 9 12 9 12 9 I~

8 12 8 11 a 11 7 II 7 10

15 19 22 26 .'..Y ,:!,L ..14 ~:, 1b ~i::> ,:S4 :.:U '2Q 26 22 19 1 '5 12 15 19 23 26 .31) ,.:kJ 0!:I .j/ .J/ .-U ..1:,. ski '30 26 23 lQ 15 12 15 19 23 27 ..j I ..:S4 .;SI ,jl::I sv ,i8 :.:U J¹i ?, \ 27 '23 1 0 1 5 1 2 15 1 9 23 28 ·"'·' 8~ ,:!,:.j 'HI 4U 4U .JC:: .1!:I ?.':? 28 23 19 1 5 1 2 15 19 24 28 .33 ,:!,b 3Y 41 4L 41 ~y J6 3'3 28 24 t⁰ 15 12 15 20 24 29 J4 ..:::>1 'H 4,:S 44 4..j -C4l :.:SH "34 :!0 24 20 1'5 12 15 20 25 30 ,3::, .j';I 4.3 4!:I 46 ,,:;, /j.j .j°;I '35 30 25 20 15 11 1 5 20 25 30 .36 4 1 4:;-J 4 / 'H1 I~ I 4!:I ¹H '31:- 30 25 :::!O 1 5 1 1 15 20 25 31 ~/ 4L 46 4~ !:IV 4Y 4b 4L ?⁷ 31 25 20 15 11 15 20 26 32 18 '14 4Y "'"JL :,;;s tiL 4Y ¹M 38 32 26 20 15 10

9 7 7 7 6 6 6 6 5 5

29

27 2b

25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 II 10 9 8 7 6

s

4 3 2

4 4 4 3 3 2 2 2

7 6 b

5 5 5 4 4 3 3 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

10 10 9 9 8 8 7 7 6 5 5 4 4 3 2 2

14 20 14 20 14 20 13 19 13 19 12 19 12 18 II 18 11 17 10 16 9 lb

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

8 7 7 b

5 4 3 3 2

IS 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7

s

2(:, 33 ._..1,y 46 26 33 ,, 1 48 26 34 ¹1"L !:IV 27 35 't.3 JL'.

27 36 ¹1!:I !:14 27 36 l(b ~6 27 37 1tc: :,~;,

2b 37 4Y 1,:,

2b 38 ::>I 6:, 26 38 :.3 6"

25 38 ::>4 /I 25 38 24 38 23 38 22 38 21 37 21 37 20 36 19 36 18 37 17 38 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

!:1!:I /!:I Y3 106 111 106 Y:J /!:I

!:l'l 78 YY 11!:I l'Ll 11~ YY /~

~~ ~£ lU/ 1L6 1:'.::$:'.::$ l'L.6 lU/ bL

~y 86 11~ l.jc1 l'I/ LJ~ 11::, c16 OU YU l'L'I l~J 164 1::,~ ll'I YU 00 Y¹4 ld:> l / l lc16 l / l lJ::> Y4 61 Y/ 1¹~6 1Y4 'L.1'1 1Y¹4 1¹•0 Y/

(;,L lUU t::,<;, 'L...=J £:>:L £:.!:'.::$ 1::>Y lOU

~~ lU~ 1/~ :.!OL JC,~ 26L 1/J lU,j 66 10 4

4 IS 39 /l lU/

2 13 41 c10 IUk 9 43 Y¹f l~U 0

0 0 0 0 0

5 43 11:> 1:,:,

::,1 ::,4 t,::, t)_,: ::,1 08 ::>6 61.J 61 ::,y 6J 6!>

6L 6/ 6Y 6~ / 1 /J 6,;, 1::, II /8 1,0 ,,:, 1·1 H~ bc:S i,:, 'il ~:, 8/ S'8 10::f

l,U

6.3 6/

/1

-,:,

i,u ,,:, Yl yl,

0 0 0 0

:,u :,:, :,4 :,6 ::,y 6:, 6::>

6"

II

lU~

41 42 4-, 45 46 48 40 51 53 54 55 57 58 50 60 60 t,1 62

U,

1::>:'.::$ 115 39 1 :,~ 1 Y 1 1 Y2 1 Y'L 1 Y'L. 1 'l'L 1 Y"L. 1 <t 1 1 ~2 21 'L.~6 :.!~8 £::.8 z::,~ 'L.Ob L08 :L:>c:S :L::,8 £36

0

'3'3 33 34 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 37 37 36 36

?,7 38

2(, 26 26 27 27 27 27 26 26 26 25 25 24 23 22 21 21 20 19 18 17 I 1UI 71 ?,O 1~

llå' BO 41 13 l:.!/ 04 4~ o

20 20 20 19 19 19 18 18 17 16 16

14 14 14 13 13 12 12 Il 11 10

9 15 8 14 7 13 7 12, 6 11 5 10 4 9 3 B '3 7 2

10 10

9 9 9 8 8 8 7 7 7 6 9 9 8 8 7 7 6 5 5 4 4

6 5

s

5 4 4 3 3 2 2

5 4 4 4 3 3

5 5 5 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 2 2 2

2 2 2

3 2 2 0

0

5 4 2

43 5

21 0 0 0

0

u u

0 0

0

u

0 u

\I 0

u

\)

u u u

0 0

0 0 0

f) 0

0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ('I 0

0 0 0 0 0 ('I

0 ('I

0 0 ('I 0

0 ('I

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ('I

0 0 0

0 0 f) f)

0 0 0 0 0 0 f) f)

0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Figure 1: Concentration grid caused by 10 area sources.

2 3 4 5 6 W IU li 12 I:< 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

40 39 38 37

7 7 8

9 10 11 12 13 l~ 18 lL 11 lU

9 10 Il 12 13 I~ 13 IL Il IU 9 Il 12 13 14 1• 14 13 IL II

36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10

9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2

6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 5 5 5 5 4 4 3 3 2 2

e 9 11 12 13 14 14 14 1:; 12 11 s, 8 10 11 13 14 15 !:i 1:, 14 le< li 10 8 10 12 13 15 15 16 I::> I::> lcl 12 IU 8 10 12 14 15 16 lb 16 1:, 14 IL lU 8 10 12 14 16 17 J/ I/ 16 14 12 IU 8 10 13 15 17 18 18 It! li 1:, 13 1U 8 10 13 15 17 19 IY IY I/ l::> 13 1U 8 11 13 16 18 20 LU 20 ltl 16 13 Il 8 11 14 1} 19 21 LI 21 IW I/ 14 11 8 11 14 17 20 22 LL 22 2U 1/ 14 li 8 11 15 18 21 23 L4 23 21 lH IC> 11 8 11 15 19 22 24 L:i 24 22 IS, I ::i 11 7 11 15 20 23 26 LI Lb 23 LO 1:, 11 7 11 16 20 25 28 LS- 28 2::> 20 16 11 7 11 16 21 26 29 :<I ZS- 26 21 16 11 6 11 16 22 28 32 ~3 32 28 22 16 11 6 10 16 23 29 34 :<6 34 2S, 23 16 IU 5 10 16 24 31 37 ~y ~ 31 ~ 16 IU 5 9 16 25 33 40 'IL 40 :<3 2::> 16 S,

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

4 3 2 2

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

9 16 25 35 43 46 43 3:, :,:, 16 8 15 26 38 47 ~I 4/ cl8 26 IC>

7 15 26 40 52 :.6 :iL 4U Lb IC>

6 13 27 43 S7 t-::.◄ 'SI 48 z·; 1~::i

4 12 26 45 63 /U 63 4:, 26 12 3 10 25 48 71 tlU /I 48 2:> 10 2 8 23 50 79 Y~ /Y ~U LJ ~

6 4

8 8

I, 6

I,

6 6 6 6 6 6 6 I,

6 6 6 :, :, :, :, 4 4

0 0 (!

5 5 5

3 3 3 2 2 2

0 0 0 0 0 0

4 4 3

8 5 '5

3 3

ti 4

4 4 4 4 4 4 3

3 3

3 3 8

8 8

2 2 2 2

0 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

o· o

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 (l

0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

2 2 2

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 (l

0 0 0 0 (l

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

5 20 52 90 lU~ YO 0~ 'L.U 3 16 51 103 1~~ 1U8 ~l 16 10 48 117 IC>tl li/ 4tl IU

u u u

0 o· o

0

l)

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

5 39 133 lYY l~J Jy 25 146 L<-3 146 LC>

l)

u 0

(! lJ

0 (l

0 0

0 0 0 0 0

8 143 e<<-8 14:;

0 88 C>bU Htl 0 2 HYL 2 0

0 0

l)

u u u u u

u u u

l)

u u

u u

0

l)

0 0 0

u IJ

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

u

0 0

0 0 0 0

0 0 -o

0 0

u u u

0

()

u u

u u

u

(!

u u

IJ

u

0 0 0 0

0 0

0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

u li l) 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0

0 0

Figure 2: Concentration grid caused by a single point source.

10

2 3 4 5 6

" ^{Y 10 11 lL 1:.i 14 1~ 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24}

40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 23 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2

14 13 13 13 13 12 12 12 11 11 10 10 9 9 8 7 7 6 5 5 4 3 2 2

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Figure 3:

17 21 17 22 17 22 17 22 17 2:!

17 22 17 22 16 22 16 22 16 21 15 21 15 21 14 21 14 20 13 2C>

12 Vi' 12 Il 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 2

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

6 4 2

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

26 30 26 31 26 32 27 32 27 33 27 33 28 34 28 35 28 35 28 36 28 36 28 37 28 37 28 38 28 38 28 39

17 14 11 7 4 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

37 35 32 27 22 15 7 2 0 0 0 0 0 0

35 36 36 37 33 39 40 41 42 43 45 46 47 48

49

SI 19 28 39 52 18 28 39 53 17 27 40 54 16 27 40 56 15 26 40 57 14 25 40 SB 13 24 40 60 11 23 40 61 10 21 39 63 8 19 38 65

39 40 41

44 45 46 48 49 51 53 55 56 58 60 63

'14

:=-,1)

bS

""

II /4

4:, 46 4H

:,:, 54 56 :,t, bO 63 66 69 12

/5 79 83

69 141 IYS :,(1·1 63 157 :,,.9 224 53 175 :.!t!U :.!42 35 189 C<5/ 2/4 14 187 '183 29/

46 4tl

6':' /8 /6 80

!'4 89

bl / l

"/4

'"'

sz

tl6 91

4b 48 :>U 5:, 54 56 5H bl b~-j bb

/6 so tl4 8H

68 II 15

/tl tl2

6'I 6/

/li

65 / / tj/ S,,4 96 ,;,3 'tj/ /6 67 t<l 92 99 IU2 99 91 80 70 «::; 97 105 108 1()5 9/ 84 72 "" 102 112 115 112 102 88 75 Y3 108 119 128 119 109 93 78 Y8 115 127 131 128 116 Y8 82 !UC< 122 135 141 138 l:.!4 104 86 109 130 145 152 149 134 111 90 l 16 138 156 165 16:.! 1'>5 118 95 l:.!C< 148 168 180 1/8 !SY l:.!6

41 4:, 4c!

44 46 4/

4Y su

:,:, 54 55 51

:,9 61 64 66 69 li 74

·r1

80 84

tj/

84 35 36 37 38 39

4()

41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49

30 25 21 30 26 21 31 26 21 32 26 21 32 27 21 33 27 21 33 27 21 34 27 21 34 27 21 35 28 21 35 28 21 36 28 21 37 28 20 37 28 20 37 28 20 38 28 19 51 38 27 52 38 27 53 39 27 54 39 26 55 39 26 56 39 25 58 39 24 59 38 23 59 38 22 60 37 21 67 100 IC<! 158 181 11'8 19" 116 le<6 Y'I 61 68 107 142 169 195 219 2:.<5 lY/ 14/ 98 61 70 116 155 180 210 24/ '.!60 2/.5 159 !Ul 62 70 127 l l'L l</:3 L'L.~ 2~~ 313 L6'."3 1 l".3 l1J8 63 1U4 l;,f;.

I lU/ 71 I 109 80

l'L./ o4

128 /12 2/9 192 192 1Y2 192 192 191 152 0 241128 260 258 258 2:>8 2:>8 2:>8 258 236 0 0

37 36 36 37 38 39 41 43 43

21 20 19 Hl 17 15 13 9 5

19 18 17 17 16 15 14 13 12 II 10 9 8 7 5 4

17 17 17 17 17 16 16 16 16 15 15 15 14 14 13 13 12 11 11 10

9 8 7 7 6

s

4 3 3 2

13 13 13 13 13 12 12 12 11 11 10 10 9 9 8 8 7 7 6

s s

4 4 3 2 2

10 10 10 9 9 9 8 8 8 7 7 6 6 6 5 5 4 4 3 3 2 2

8 7 7 7 6 6 6

s s s

4 4 4 3

s s s s

4 4 4 3 3 3 3 2 2 2

2 2 2

2

3'?

21

0 0

0 0

0

u

0 0

0 0

0 0

0

u

0

u

0

u

0 0

0 0

0 0 0

0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Concentration grid caused by a point source and 10 area sources.

=

D co ::r-

CJ D CJ

::r-

('r) CJ = :z _C'sJ

0 f\.,_

H N

t- IT ^CJ

æ:

=

t- _::r-

z ⁰ Lu ^('\J

u z ^CJ

0 = u ^(D

("C)

=

a (X) (0

0

=

a 0. 0 0 '2.57 5.33 8.00 1 0. 67 1 3. 33 1 6. 0 0 1 8, 67 '24 • 33 '24 , O O

X

Figure 4: Crosswind plume profile calculated for IFY=-10

CJ

=

co ID ::r-

CJ

=

0 co

(")

=

D

:z _::r-

0 _H

=

t- IT

=

æ

=

t- co

z ^N

I_LJ N

u z

=

0

=

u C'sJ Lr)

= ₌

(0 f\.,_

a

=

a

o.

35.56 40,(10

Figure 5: Concentration profile parallel to the wind calculated at IFX = 12

- 12 -

1200

800

C (X,Y) ( µg / m3)

Figure 6: Three-dimensional concentration array: C(x,y).

z (

40 32

0

1G 24

~

Figure?: Three d • unensionaZ t opographicaZ perspect' -ive.