Measured and modeled acoustic propagation underneath the rough Arctic sea-ice

Figure 1 shows the average surface refl ectance of sea ice covered by a 1 - 2 cm snow layer, normal- ized under-ice irradiance directly below the sea ice and normalized

In total 89 regular ice observations (every 3 hrs in areas with sea ice) with filling out a sheet with various sea ice parameters (ice types, floe sizes, snow cover, ridges,

We here combine the Russian ice-drift station data with more recent data to (1) identify common sea-ice protists (in particular diatoms) in drifting sea ice of the Central Arctic

Water samples from the Bering Sea sites shared more OTUs with the Shelikof Strait site than 182. with the sea ice sample, despite the existence of sea ice in the

drift ice station, we observed macroscopic aggregates floating within the meltwater layer beneath sea ice and accumulating in under-ice domes, open melt ponds (Figure 2A) and

Based on comparison with the OIB sea ice freeboards, snow depth, and thickness quick look data over Arctic sea ice in March 2014, we found that the retracking points should be fixed

The increasing number of sea-ice related satellite observations in the Arctic can be used to improve the model predictions through data assimilation.. For sea ice, sea-ice

We have developed a physically based sea-ice albedo parameterization scheme for ECHAM5 GCM following the structure of the sea-ice albedo in a thermo- dynamic sea-ice model [Schramm