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APPENDIX REPORT 9

SF

TRACER DAT A COLLECTED DURING THE EXPERIMENTS IN TERUEL, MAY 1985

IV AR HAUGSBAKK JOHN S. IRWIN BJARNE SIVERTSEN

•,•.•,•,•,·.·-.·.::··: .. ·· ::'.:~:=·::=:::~:

::):,:.. ·,,,4;::

NORSK INSTITUTT FOR LUFTFORSKNING

r

-b-t Norwegian Institute For Air Research

NILU

APPENDIX REPORT 9

SF

TRACER DATA COLLECTED DURING THE EXPERIMENTS IN TERUEL, MAY 1985

IVAR HAUGSBAKK JOHN S. IRWIN BJARNE SIVERTSEN

NORSK INSTITUTT FOR LUFTFORSKNING POSTBOKS 130, 2001 LILLESTRØM

NORGE

CONTENTS

Page INTRODUCTION. . . 5

6 6 10 13 16 19 22 25 29 33 36 38 2 INSTRUMENTATION

...

3 THE FIELD STUDY

...

4 THE EXPERIMENTS

...

4. 1 Experiment 1 , date: 1985-05-03, start time: 12:00 GMT

...

4.2 Experiment 2, date: 1985-05-04, start time: 12:00 GMT

...

4.3 Experiment 4, date: 1985-05-05, start time: 12:00 GMT

...

4.4 Experiment 5, date: 1985-05-06, start time: 12:00 GMT ...

4.5 Experiment 6, date: 1985-05-08, start time: 12:00 GMT

...

4.6 Experiment ₇ I date: 1985-05-09, start time: 12:00 GMT

...

4.7 Experiment 8, date: 1985-05-10, start time: 12:00 GMT

...

4.8 Experiment 9, date: 1985-05-11, start time: 12:00 GMT

...

4.9 Experiment 10, date: 1985-05-13, start time: 12:00 GMT ...

5 6

DISCUSSION REFERENCES APPENDIX A APPENDIX B APPENDIX C

41 43 45 57 61

1 INTRODUCTION

The Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU) has been asked to provide technical assistance in planning, preparing and performing environmental studies at the Andorra (Teruel) power plant site in Spain. A detailed plan for the experiments was established for the "Ministeria de Obras Publicas y Urbanismo" (MOPU) in February 1985 (Sivertsen 1985 a).

The comprehensive field experiments were carried out during 3 May - 14 May 1985. Several institutions participated with NILU in the study, carrying out different tasks. A list of participants is presented in the main report from these studies (Sivertsen 1985 b).

This Appendix report was created to give a comprehensive documentation of the SF

6-tracer measurements carried out along automobile traverses during the experiments.

The objectives of the study as defined by the "agreement for co-operation"

was to study the dispersion and impact of atmospheric emissions from the Andorra (Teruel) power station. The scope of work was defined by NILU as to:

- investigate the transport and dispersion of emissions from the power station,

- measure the concentration of pollutants at ground level in the zones of maximum potential impact,

- measure the concentrations of pollutants in areas where damage has been detected,

- define the areas of potential impact,

- estimate the probabilities of concentrations which might cause acute and chronic damage and

- design a follow-up program for the future.

2 INSTRUMENTATION

The properties of SF

6, the flexibility inherent in the sampling methods, and the sensitivity of the analysis technique yields a simple, but powerful tool for studying the transport and dispersion of gases. In many cases where flow patterns are complex,

straight-forward means

s~

of

tracer techniques represent the most understanding the transport and dispersion of gases. The equipment designed and used by NILU has been widely demonstrated in several dispersion experiments on various scales. (Heggen and Sivertsen 1983, Sivertsen 1978, Sivertsen et. al 1983, Sivertsen 1983.)

A more detailed description of the SF

6 tracer instrumentation and experimental procedures is presented in Appendix A, including the following parts:

- the tracer release system

- the sampling system including battery operated time average samplers and sequential samplers

- the tracer analysis and calibration system including portable electron capture gas chromatographs, integrators and exponential dilution chamber

3 THE FIELD STUDY

To achieve the objectives of the study, NILU suggested to use tracer techniques, combined with aircraft measurements and intensive ground level sampling of tracer and

so

2.

The tracer technique including release equipment, samplers, a calibration unit and portable gas chromatographs, developed at NILU for use in field experiments, produced results which were available for discussion and further planning only a few hous after each experiment.

In addition, SF

6 and

so

2 concentration profiles were measured from air craft and from a mobile unit at the surface, driving along selected sampling traverses. SO

2

permanent stations in the study area. (Appendix report 8 and 10.)

was also sampled as 30 min average concentrations at

During part of the study, from 8 to 14 May, a Barringer Type Correlation Spectrometer (COSPEC) was employed to obtain remote sensing estimates of vertical integrated

so

2 concentrations along the traverses. (Appendix report 6. )

During the field experiment a comprehensive meteorological measurement program was undertaken. (Appendix report 1-4.)

A map of the study area is shown in Figure 1. On the map is also indicated sampling traverses and some major villages frequently referred to during the experiments.

A total of 11 experiments were carried out from 3 May to 14 May 1985. The SF6 measurements undertaken during these experiments are described in ch. 4.

A summary of sampling hours and average SF

6 release rates during the sampling periods are given in Table 1.

Table 1: Summary of wind conditions, SF

6 release and sampling start hour during the experiments.

WIND SF

6-RELEASE Exper. Date Sampling Direction Speed Rate Period

no. start

(GMT) (deg) (m/s) (g/s) (GMT)

1 1985-05-03 12:00 304 10.5 16. 1 09:00-12:30 2 1985-05-04 12:00 296 9.7 9.0 09:45-12:15 3 1985-05-05 13:00 40 4.4 9.4 10:15-13:20 4 1985-05-06 12:00 290 19.8 10.0 10:30-12:30 5 1985-05-07 12:00 284 17.0 9.5 10:30-12:30 6 1985-05-08 12:00 302 16.4 16.4 10:30-12:30 7 1985-05-09 12:00 314 11. 9 15.0 10:30-12:30 8 1985-05-10 15:00 315 10.4 14.8 13:00-15:30 9 1985-05-11 11 :00 296 2.2 10.0 09:00-11:30 10 1985-05-13 12:00 286 4.9 13.5 08:30-12:30 11 1985-05-14 14:00 180 3.0* 9.9 10:00-14:30

,_(\)

Calaceite

2

s20+---+-__:~~--=---1f---::--:::-d---...,.~-F---+---:".:~~--..i.l::s:---t,,~~---+~t-

\i)~ ...

1.80

l.60

N t

0 5 10 15km

l.f.0 I I I I I

720 7t.O 760 780 800

Figure 1: The study area south east of the Andorra (Teruel) power plant.

Sampling traverses are indicated.

A more detailed and description of the experiments can be found in the main report (Sivertsen 1985 bl.

A summary of plume tracjectories during the experiments is presented in Figure 2.

C.T.TERUEL CENTER PLUME TRAJECTORIER

G)

experiment number

E

D

N

t

10km

Figure 2: A summary of center plume trajectories during the experiments. The experiment numbers (see Table 1) is given at the end of each plume trajectory. The length of each trajectory indicates the end point at which SF and/or SO was detected, at the surface.

6 2

During all experiments, the plume was transported into the design experiment sector, which was south east (SE± 45 ) from the power plant. 0

During experiment 3 and 11 problems appeared, as the wind direction changed during the experiment period. In experiment 3 a return flow from the north developed due to a "local low pressure" developing on the Iberian mountains as the effect of sun heating increased during the day. This is a typical summer situation, which might be critical for development of high surface concentrations as described in earlier meteorological studies in the Andorra area (Sivertsen, 1979).

4 THE EXPERIHENTS

The following chapters present SF

6-tracer concentration data collected during the 11 experiments carried out from 3 May 1985 to 14 May 1985.

Complete listings of the SF

6 data are also presented in Appendix B.

To understand and read the SF

6 concentration maps included as examples for each experiment in chapters 4.1 to 4.11, figure 3 explains the set up of these maps.

All SF

6-concentrations are given with an averaging time of 15 min, usually with 2 sequential samples at each location (in some cases 4 sequential samples). Plume meander can be studied by analyzing sequential samples from the same traverse.

The concentrations on the maps are for practical reasons given in tenths of a microgram per m³ (0.1 µg/m³). In all cross section plots and in tables (Appendix B) the concentrations are given in µg/m³. Only concentrations above 0.02 µg/m³ can be considered significant greater than the detection limit.

SOURCE

(SF₆-EMISSION)

/

^E

• C

_,aeø•J

A

i"

8 ._..

•

• • •

D

•

•

D

• •

D

•

•

a • a a

•

••

• \_TRAVERSE 2 (CD)

• •

• •

Cl

•

•

• •

•

• •

•

•

•

•

•

N

t

5km

SCALE • "---TRAVERSE 3 (EF)

•

(X I Y1 ^J

++'L ^{F ___, (}

Figure 3: Example of plotted results from SF experiments in the Teruel area (see also Figure 1). Plotted %quares indicates points where SF6 samples were taken, but where the conce~tration was

less than the detection limit of ~0.01 µg/m . The

coordinates in all experiments are given in the UTM (Universal Transverse Mercator) system. The source of SF&-emission (the power

plant stack) is indicated by* on the maps ana is located with coordinates (x

0 ,y

0): 720.600, 541.300 (scale in meters). In the same way the corners of the map are given by:

(x ,x ): 720.000, 772.000

1 2 ·

(y1 ,y

1 ): 720.000, 500.000 and (x

2 ,y

2): 772.000, 552.000 The ma~ thus covers: 52 km x 52 Km.

In the cross section plots, traverse 1 corresponds to traverse AB, which is located about 8-12 km from the power plant. Correspondingly:

traverse 2 = CD, distance ~24 km traverse 3 = EF, distance ~48 km traverse 4 = GH, distance ~80 km The power plant stack height, where SF

6 was released, is 343 m. Other emission data, as gas volume and exit gas temperatures are given in Appendix report 5.

4.1 EXPERIMENT 1, DATE: 1985-05-03, START TIME: 12:00 GMT

Two sequential SF

6 samples were collected, 1A and 18. Figure 4 shows concentrations from test 1A. Further information from traverse 1-3 is given in figure 5.

o .•

o. ~

0 ••

0.2 0.4 0.1

0.6

•• 9

o. ¹

..

^,

•• 2

o.s

0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1

++,◄000 M

Figure 4: Experiment 1,

Concentration Release rate Wind velocity Wind direction Mixing height

1985-05-03. SF

6-concentrations µg/m . 3

g/s m/s deg unit: 0. 1

16.1 10.5 304.

1500.

from test 1A.

m

lEST 1 TAAVERSE-1

DATE:8S-OS-133 Tl ME :-4'200--4'2-15 .r-

.... .

--

l::

' ^...

t!) ~

~

-

^..

z

u ^C, C)

o. ^1n1. 23"12. 3512. "1683.

TEST 1 TRAVERSE-2

OATE:SS-05-03 TI ME: 1200-1215

,0 T

.

-

I'()

l::

'

t!) ~

=>..

-

^..

z

u ^C, C,

o. ^2588. srrs. 'TISi. 10352.

TEST 1 TRAVERSE-3

OATE:SS-05-03 TIME: 1200-1215

N

~

-

I'()

l::

'

t!)

-

=>.. .

- ^..

u

z

0 u ^C, C,

.

o. ^3S35. ,2ss. 1"90i. 1"1538.

SFS TERUEL TEST

.KL.

GMT

Figure Sa: Concentrations along traverses 1-3, test 1A.

TEST 1 TAAVERSE-1

OATE:8S-OS-03 T 1 ME : -i2-t S--f230

JO r-

.

-

l:

'

(.!)

-

::).

- _u

z

u

.

a.

TEST 1 TMVERSE-2

OATE:SS-05-03 · TIME: 1215-1230

r- "?

-

JI()

l:

'

(.!)

-

~

.

- ^..

u z

0

u

a. ^3296. 6593. 9899. 13485.

TEST t TMVERSE-5

OATE:95-05-03 TIME: 1215-1230 a,

~

-

JI()

l:

' ..

(.!)

-

::).

.

- ^..

u z

0

u

.

a. ^4190'1. 980"7. H744. 1961'1.

SFS TERUEL TEST ~B KL. ^{~2~5 GMT}

Figure Sb: Concentrations along traverses 1-3, test 18.

4.2 EXPERIMENT 2, DATE: 1985-05-04, START TIME: 12:00 GMT

Four sequential SF

6 samples were collected during this experiment; test 2A-2D. Figure 6 shows concentrations from test 2A, and further information from traverse 1-3 are given in figure 7.

e.3

0.1 B .'S

o.s

2.,!.i

i,., 2.3

e.s. ◄0.2

"· ◄

II t, • ◄

0. ◄ o.f.11.~.1

II II

C,. 1 II II II

Il. 1 0 .1 B. 1

., • ◄

0.1

II

4-+ 4000 l'1

Figure 6: The

Concentration unit:

figure shows SF

6-concentrations from µg/m . 3

g/s m/s deg Release rate

Wind velocity Wind direction Mixing height

0. 1

9.0

9.7

296.

1590.

test 2A.

m

TEST 2 TAAVERSE-1

DATE:SS-05-0i TI ME: 12~~-◄5

T

.

-

f()

l:

'

(.!) N

:::),_

- _u ^..

z a u

D. 168-t. 3561. 5051. 61341.

TEST 2 TAAVERSE-2

DATE:SS-05-0i TIME: 1200-1215

~ "?

-

l:

'

(.!)

-

::::l..

.

- ^..

u z a u

D. 2"782. 5S6S. SS'ti. 41130.

TEST 2 TAAVERSE-3

DATE:SS-05-0i TIME: 1200-4215

ID

- ^.

-

f()

l:

' ^b

(.!)

:::l.

.

- ^..

u z a u

.

D. 3'i9"1. iSSi. -1-139-4. 1511S.

SFS TERUEL TEST 2A

GMT

Figure 7a: Concentrations along traverse 1-3, test 2A.

TEST 2 TAJWERSE-1

DATE:SS-05-0i TIME:-f2-4S--423C,

~

.

-

l'()

l:

'

(!) Jf?

~

-- _u

z

u

o. ◄^{H9. 2898.} is•n. ^5796.

iEST 2 TAAVERSE-2

DATE:SS-0S-Oi TIME: 121S-1236

lD

It?

-

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'

(!)

-

::),.

.

- ^..

u z u a

.

o. 3i6S. S930. tæ59S. t38S9.

TEST 2 TAAVERSE-S

DATE:SS-0S-Oi TIME:1itS-1230 r-

- ^.

-

N')

l:

'

(!) 0

::),.

- _u

z a u

.

o. ^{-43S5. .S,}◄t. 43066 • t7i22.

SFS TERUEL TEST

KL.

GMT

Figure 7b: Concentrations along traverse 1-3, test 2B.

4.3 EXPERIMENT 4, DATE: 1985-05-05, START TIME: 12:00 GMT

Two sequential SF

6-concentration samples were collected; 4A and 4B. Figure 8 show the concentrations from test 4A, and further information from traverse 1-3 are given in figure 9.

Ill II II

m m

II

!II II

m

II

m m m

II

m

a.1

II !II II II II

II C,~1

CJ.2

1.a

1 • 1 4 .s

4 ., i:,. 4

a.◄

II

m

II

&I

&I

++1aao 11

Figure 8: SF

6-concentrations from test 4A.

Concentration unit:

Release rate Wind velocity Wind direction Mixing height

0. 1

10.0 20.0 290.

1450.

µg/m3 g/s m/s deg

m

TEST

..

ATE:SS-05-06 T I l'1E : i280- i2

◄

~

-

~

'

(.!)

-

:'.:l_

.

- _u ^..

z

u

o. 850. tGGO. 2190. 5320.

SFS TERUEL TEST

KL.

GMT

iEST

..

DATE:SS-05-06 TIME: t200-t2t5

ID

- ^.

- "'

' ^g

(.!)

4

.

- _u ^..

z

u

.

o. ^{42tS. 2-tSO. ~1S. 1859.}

TEST

..

OATE:SS-05-06 TI 1'1E: i200- t2 iS

r-

- ^.

- "'

~

'

(.!) 0

:'.:l_

.

- ^..

u z

0

u

.

o. ^{2t88. 4!nS. GS65.} 8"'fS

◄•

SF6 TERUEL TEST iA

Figure 9a: Concentrations along traverse 1-3, test 4A.

TEST 't TMVEASE-1

DATE:85-05-06 TUtE: i21S--f258

1D

.... .

-

H>

l::

'

(!) ~

.::l..

- ^..

u z

0

u

"·

TEST 1 TMVEASE-2

DATE:SS-05-06 TIME: 12 tS-4230

ø,

- ^.

-

N)

l::

'

(!)

-

::J..

.

-

u z

u

.

"·

TEST 't TMVEASE-3

DATE:SS-OS-06 TlttE:1215-4230

~

.

-

N)

l::

' ^...

(!) D

::l_

- ^..

u z

0

u

.

"·

SFS

TERUEL ,EST iB J<L.

◄

GMT

Figure 9b: Concentrations along traverse 1-3, test 4B.

4.4 EXPERIMENT 5, DATE: 1985-05-06, START TIME: 12:00 GMT

Two SF

6 samples were collected during experiments 5, SA and 5B. Figure 10 shows concentrations from test 5A. Further information from traverse 1-3 are given in figure 11.

,IE 0.1 0.1

0 .1

i.'T' _~.:J.

JJ:

o.s,~ ^{a 1}

0.4 0.1 0.8 1.0

51 51

1 • 1

O.J 51 51 q._CJrS

ao:~

I'!{'

C, ,!

a. ¹

C,. 1 0, 1

C,,◄

C,. 1 0. 1

A ◄

++ 4000 M

Figure 10: The figure shows SF

6-concentration from test 5A.

Concentration unit:

Release rate Wind velocity Wind direction Mixing height

0. 1 9.5 17 .0 284.

1050.

µg/m3.

g/s m/s deg

m

TEST s TM~-

◄

DATE :.SS-85-0'1 T I l'IE : i200- 42 t S

'°

N

.

-

f'I)

X:

' ^-

(!)

-

~

.

- ^..

u z

0

u

.

a. ,sz.

TEST s TRAVERSE-2

DA TE :S!HJS-0'1 TI ME :t280-12 tS

U)

- ^.

-

f'I)

X:

'

(!)

:::),_

-

u z

0

u ₈ .

ø.

TEST s TAAVl:J'SE-5

DATE:øs-os-cn T 11'£: 4200- t2 tS

- - ^.

-

f'I)

X:

'

(!) ~

~

- _u ^..

z

u

.

a.

,cns. ◄

SFS

"TERUEL

◄

GMT

Figure 11A: Concentrations along traverse 1-3, test SA.

TEST s ^TAAV~-4

DATE:SS-05-0'1 T 111£: 42 4S- 4250

\0 "?

-

I'()

J:

'

(!)

-

=l.

.

- ^..

u z

0

u

.

a.

TEST

s

DATE :øs-os-o, TIME: t2tS-t230

- - ^.

-

ti)

J:

'

(!)

::J.

- ^..

u z

0

g u

a.

TEST

s

DATE:as-os-cn T I t1E: 42 tS- 4230

C,

- ^.

-

I'()

J:

'

(!) ~

::J..

- ^..

u z

0

u

.

a.

SFS iERUEL ,ESi SB

◄ 2 ◄ 5 GMT

Figure 11b: Concentrations along traverse 1-3, test 5B.

4.5 EXPERIMENT 6, DATE: 1985-05-08, START TIME: 12:00 GMT Two sequential SF

6 samples were concentrations from test 6A. During position changed (meandering) from second (test 6B). This is illustrated

collected; 6A and 6B. Figure 12 shows experiment 6 the plume centerline the first SF

6 sample (test 6A) to the in Figure 13. Figure 14 show an example of instantaneous SF

6 sampler collected with a mobile SF

6 sampler along traverse 1 (AB). This mobile van was always sampling prior to the time integrated sampling to obtain information about the SF

6-plume location.

0 1

o. ◄ o. ⁴

0.1

0 •◄ o. 1 0 .1

.,o

8.:1

0.4 0.4

o.a

4.9

,.s

0.1

Concentration unit:

Release rate Wind velocity Wind direction Mixing height

0. 1 µg/m . 3

16.4 g/s 16.4 m/s 302. deg 1630. m n ~-¹

o.s

".-s

0.'2

o. ⁴

Figure 12: SF

6-concentrations from test 6A.

[SFGl INSTANTAN.

1.0 MOBILE SFG

µg/m3

,r----~

I I

I

I

I _{11:30 GMT}

o.s ^I

I I I I I

0 J

-'A

B-

Figure 13: Instantaneous SF

6 samples collected along traverse ^{1 (AB)} at

11:10-11:30 GMT.

TEST 6 TAAVERSE-1

OATE:SS-OS-08 Tl ME: 1200-121S

~ ,r

.

-

JIO l:::

'- ^N

(!) ":!

::l.

- u z a u

D. f0-t2. 2DS-t. 3126. 41168.

TEST 6 TR.-.VERSE-2

OATE:SS-OS-08 TIME:t200-t215

Q) N

.

-

l:::

'- ^,r

(!)

-

::l.

.

- _u

a z u

D. 2167. i33S. SS02. 8669.

TEST 6 TAAVERSE-5

DATE:SS-OS-08 TIME:1200- 1215

0,

- ^.

-

JIO l:::

'- ^0,

(!) 0

~

.

- ^..

u z a u

.

D. 3236. 6i"l2. 9"108. t29H.

SFS "TERUEL TEST SA KL.

GMT

Figure 14A: Concentrations along traverse 1-3, test &A

TEST 6 TAAVERSE-1

DATE ess-cs-ca ^{TIME: i2◄S-123C,}

en

(D

.

-

N')

l:

'

(!)

"'

:::,

- _u

z

u

o. sss. ^{1 t 40. 4665.} 2220.

TEST 6 TAAVERSE-2

DATE:SS-OS-08 TIME: 124S-t230

CD

~

-

N')

l:

' ..

(!)

-

:::,

.

- u

0

z u

.

o. ^{21S7. i53S. 6502. 8669.}

TEST 6 TRAVERSE-5

OATE:SS-OS-08 TIME: 4215-1230

JII)

~

-

N')

l:

'

(!)

-

:::,

- u z

u

.

o. "3236. 6i72. 9iOS. 129ii.

SF6

TEST 68

GMT

Figure 148: Concentrations along traverse 1-3, test 68

4.6 EXPERIMENT 7, DATE: 1985-05-09, START TIME: 12:00 GMT

Two sequential SF

6 tracer samples were collected; 7A and 7B. Figure 15 shows concentrations from test 7A. Further information from traverse 1-3 are given in Figure 16. During experiment 7, SF

6 was also detected on traverse GH (4) as instantaneous samples. These concentrations are shown in Figure 17.

J'eØ.Ø (.f ^z ,.o .s

II

0 .1 0.1 0.1

Ill

•

Ill

o.s- o~•

OtL6s 0,lJ

1., 1,8 1

.:r

1 ...

1,5 1.8

1.,

o.s o. 1 Ill

++1COO /'1

Figure 15: SF

6-concentrations from test 7A.

Concentration unit:

Release rate Wind velocity Wind direction Mixing height

0. 1 15.0 11 . 9 314.

900.

µg/m3.

g/s m/s deg

m

TEST

,

DATE :SS-05-09 Tll1E:~424S

I:

-

H'>

~

'

(!) If?

~

- ^..

u z

0

u

.

a.

"TEST

,

DATE:øs-os-æ TI J1E: t200- 42 4S

CID

~

-

H'>

~

'

(!)

-

:::l..

.

-

u z

0

u

.

a.

TEST

,

DA TE :85-05-09 Tit£: i200-t2iS

Ø)

- ^.

-

H'>

'

(!)

::::)_

-

u z

u 8

D. 169"1. 9194.

◄

SFS TERUEL TEST 7.A

-4200 GMT

Figure 16a: Concentrations along traverse 1-3, test 7A.

TEST

,

DATE:SS-OS-09 Tll1E:~-tS-4250

0

~

- "'

'

(!)

...

::l_

.

- ^..

u

z

0 u ⁰ ₀

o. -tO<tS. 2090 . 5455. '1480.

TEST

.,

DATE:SS-OS-09 T I 11E: 42 4S- 4250 co

.

- "'

'

(!) ~ ::l_

-

^..

z

u ⁰ ₀

.

o. ^2S!H. S4S"l. TI84. 405"15.

TEST

.,

DATE:85-05-09 TI 11E: 42 4S- 4250

cg

- ^.

- _u ^..

0

z u g .

D. 31S9 . 4 456'1 . 45456.

SFS iERUEL iEST 1B KL. ◄ 2 ◄ ^{5 GMT}

Figure 16b: Concentrations along traverse 1-3, test 78.

0.3- [

SF5]

(J-,Jgfm3)

0.2-

0.1-

Teruel,Traverse G H

·EXPERIMENT 7

~3km I I

( Max S02)

CHERT

t

G

I

21

I I

22

I ^I

23

H

Figure 17: Instantaneous SF

6-concentrations collected along traverse GH at 12:30 to 13:00 GMT during experiment 7.

4.7 EXPERIMENT 8, DATE: 1985-05-10, START TIME: 15:00 GMT

Two sequential SF samples were collected; 8A and 88. Figure 18 shows

6

concentrations from test 8A. Further information about concentration cross sections from traverse 1-3 are given in Figure t9.

SI 0.2

II II

II SI Iii

o. 4 C.'5

t1?;

0.'5 0 ,'5

s.

0 ,?;

CL2

o.s O.i

4 • C, 4 .s

.. ^,

2,C, 4,9

o.,

+-1-4000 l'I

Figure 18: The figure shows SF

6-concentrations from test µg/m . 3

g/s m/s deg Concentration

Release rate Wind velocity Wind direction Mixing height

unit: 0. 1

14.8 10.4 315.

2700.

8A.

m

TEST 8 TRAVERSE-i

OATE:SS-OS-18 TlttE:

◄

◄

~

.

-

ti)

l::

'

(!)

=l.

.

- ^..

u z

0

u

"·

TEST ₈ TRAVERSE-2

DATE:SS-OS-4C, TlttE: 4SOO-t545

N "?

-

ti)

l::

'

(!)

-

=t .

- _u ^..

z

u

.

"·

TEST 8 TRAVERSE-5

0A TE :SS-OS- 4B TlttE: 4500-4545

C,

~

- - ^..

u z

0

u g

SF6 "TERUEL

-4-4539. -45386.

1EST BA KL •

◄

TEST 8 TRAVERSE-i

DATE:8S-OS-4B TltE:-tS-4S--4558

0 co

.

-

r,I)

X:

'

C!) "?

=:l.

- _u ^..

z

u

D. 4't'l5. aa.. ^{<1529. S"n4.}

TEST 8 TRAVERSE-2

DATE :SS-OS- 4B T It£: 154S- t530

...

-

r,I)

X:

'

C!)

-

=:l.

.

- ^..

u z

0

u

.

ø. ^{2StD. 5249. '1829 . UJ159.}

TEST 8 TRAVERSE-5

DATE

:as-os-

- ^.

-

Hl X:

'

C!)

~ ....,

u

z

u ₈ .

a.

SFS TERUEL TEST 88

GMT

Figure 19b: Concentrations along traverse 1-3, test 88.

4.8 EXPERIMENT 9, DATE: 1985-05-11, START TIME: 11:00 GMT

Two sequential 9B. Figure 20 collected along

SF6 samples were collected during experiment 9, test 9A and sho~s concentrations from test 9A. SF

6-concentrations traverse (AB) is shown for the two sequential 15 minute average samples in Figure 21.

o. ¹

o. ¹

0.2 fl. 1 IJ". 4 0.1"•1

o. ¹ e.2

o.is.1c.1 0. 1

e ·•

·°'·

o q.~.4'-s.,. ~-1

o. {.

a. ¹

C,. 1

0. 1

a. 1

o. ¹

C • 1 c,~ 1

0 .1 0. 4

0.1

C,. 1

". 1

o. 4

o. 1

o. 1

D,4 Il. 1 0. 1 0.1

o. ⁴

0. 1 Il. 4 c.1 Il, 1

o. ¹

++1000 /'1

Figure 20: SF -concentrations from test 9A.

6

Concentration unit:

Release rate Wind velocity Wind direction Mixing height

0. 1 10.0 2.2 296.

2100.

µg /rn3 . g/s m/s deg m

a)

u z

0 C

U ^O

b)

-

u z

0 C

U ^O

.

a. 3085.

SF6 TERUEL

TEST 9 TAAVEflSE-1

DATE :SS-OS-1 t T If£: t t tS- t 130

a. 3085.

SF6 TERUEL

Gnt. 92SS.

TEST 9A KL. ◄◄ DD GMT

Gn t. 925G. t25't2.

TEST 98 .KL. 1115 GMT

Figure 21: Concentrations along traverse 1 (AB) a) Sampling time 11:00-11:15 GMT b) Sampling time 11:15-11:30 GMT

4.9 EXPERIMENT 10, DATE: 1985-05-13, START TIME: 12:00 GMT Two sequential SF

6 samples were collected; 10A and 10B. Figure 22 shows concentrations from test 10A. SF

6 plume cross sections are shown in Figure 23.

O,t

0,3 C,3 B.'5 0.'3

o".t!

• ,91 .,

~$~8

1,.,'21.S

e.,.~s 0.6 B,i o.-"·S,11.'2

0 .2 2.2 2 ,'5

t.S

•• 1 13,9

a.a 0,9

•. o o.s

0. "l

0 4

••

0, 1

o. ⁴

0,i 0,2 0,3

o.s

0.2 0,2

Ill

B. 1

4-+ ◄BCIB t1

Figure 22: SF -concentrations from test 10A.

6

Concentration unit:

Release rate Wind velocity Wind direction Mixing height

0. 1

13.5 4.9 286.

1510.

µg/rn . 3

g/s m/s deg

m

TEST

u,

DATE :~OS- 45 TI t£: 4200- t2 4S

- - ^..

u z

0

u g .

~

-

H)

l:

'

(!)

-

::l..

.

-

z

u ^C, C,

.

ø.

◄

-

H)

l:

' -

(!) -

:::l,..

- _u ^..

z

u g .

TEST 40 TAAVERSE-2

DATE:~OS-43 Tlt£:i200-424S

TEST tlJ TRAVERSE-5

DATE :~OS- 43 TI t£: 1200- t2 4S

SFS TERUEL

4CIGG't. t S9S. 2 4528.

TEST 10A KL. 1200 GMT

Figure 23a: Concentrations along traverse 1-3, test 10A.

TEST

u,

DATE:SS-OS-i5 TINE: •2tS-t2SO

...

-

H)

~

' ^...

(!)

-

:J..

.

- ^..

u

z

0 u ⁰ C,

.

o.

,G9.

TEST iO TAAVERSE-2

DATE:SS-OS-•5 '11'1E:i24S-4250

.JO N

.

-

J()

'

(!)

-

=l.

.

-

^..

z

u ^C, C,

.

o. ^4'0G2. 8t2't. t2486. tS2i8.

TEST tD TAAVERSE-5

DATE:SS-OS-45 TI NE: •2 tS- t2SO

lØ

~

-

H)

~

'

(!)

-

:J.. .

- ^..

u

z

0 u ^C, ₀

.

o. 5825. ,s.-t9.

. ^{... , ...}

SFS TERUEL TEST

GMT

Figure 23b: Concentrations along traverse 1-3, test 10B.

5 DISCUSSION

SF6 was measured as 15 min average concentrations along at least 3 traverses in all 11 experiments carried out from 3 May to 14 May 1985.

A summary of measured maximum concentrations and the position of these are shown in Table 2. The coordinate transformation from AB - CD - EF - GH to the UTM reference system is given in Appendix C.

The maximum SF

6-concentrations at traverse AB (8-10 km from the source) varied from 0.22 to 1.03 µg/m³, at traverse CD from .11 to .61 µg/m³ and at traverse EF from 0.8 to .28 µg SF

6/m³. The location of these maxima are shown in Figure 2. Further discussions about area of maxima and relations to

so

Table 2: A summary of maximum SF -concentrations (15 min averages) measured along the traverses and⁶the location of maxima.

Experiment Start Traverse Firs 15 min second 15 min

(GMT) ( SF

6) fax Position (SF

6) mtx Position

(µg/m) (µg/m)

1 12:00 1 .43 AB18.5 .34 AB20

2 .43 CD17 .37 CD20

3 .21 EF15 .28* EF15+20

2 12:00 1 . 41 AB16 .54 AB14

2 .34 CD10 .35 CD11

3 . 15 EF10 . 17 EF10

4 12:00 1 .43 AB16 .45 AB16

2 . 15 CD16.5 . 17 CD16.5

3 .17 EF17 .08 EF17

5 12:00 1 .22 AB8 .35 CD12

2 . 15 CD12 . 11 CD12

3 . 11 EF11 . 10 EF13.3

6 12:00 1 .43 AB18.5 .65 AB21

2 .25* CD17 .28 CD18

3 . 19 EF19 .23 EF19

7 12:00 1 .72 AB17.5 .80 AB17. 5

2 .27 CD20.5 . 61 CD20

3 . 18* EF17-20 . 18 EF21 4 .17 GH23 +- instant.

8 15:00 1 1. 03 AB20 .55 AB21

2 .32 CD23 .34 CD24

3 .20 EF24 . 12 EF21+24

9 11 :00 1 . 41 AB13.5 .28 ABS

10 12:00 1 .26 AB16 .34 AB19

2 .38 CD11. 5 .26 CD8+12

3 .23 EF10 .25 EF10

4 .39* GH10+14 I ^+- instant.

6 REFERENCES

Heggen, R., Siverten, B. (1983) Tracer gas techniques at NILU. Lillestrøm.

(NILU TR 22/83.)

Siverten, B. (1978) Dispersion parameters determined from measurements of ~

wind fluctuations, temperature and wind profiles. In: Proceeding of the ninth international technical meeting on air pollution modelling and its application (NATO/CCMS No. 103). Toronto.

Sivertsen, B. (1979) Meteorological investigations at the Teruel power plant site. Lillestrøm. (NILU OR 45/79).

Sivertsen, B., Lamb, B.K., GrØnskei, K.E. (1983) A tracer study of pollutant transport in a deep fjord valley. Atmos. Environ., 11, 1915-1922.

Sivertsen, B. (1983) Estimation of diffuse hydrocarbon leakages from petrochemical factories. J. APCA,

li,

Sivertsen, B. (1985 a) Field experiments to study the dispersion of air pollutants from the Andorra (Teruel) power plant. PLAN, Lillestrøm. (NILU OR 7/85.)

Sivertsen, B. (1985 b) Tracer experiments to study the dispersion of air pollutants from the Andorra (Teruel) power plant. Lillestrøm. (NILU OR 49/85.)

APPENDIX A

SF TRACER INSTRUMENTATION AND

6EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES