List of new activities in Grønmo

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Project title: New Grønmo park

Diploma candidate: Yang Zhang Student ID: s101681

Discipline: Architecture

Main supervisor: Neven Fuchs Mikac Secondary supervisor: Julie Aars

External supervisor: Thea Kvamme Hartmann

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Grønmo is located in the south eastern part of Oslo, in the district of Søndre Nordstrand, approximately 12km southeast of the Oslo Centre. The size of the project site is around 42.5 hector, approximately 1.5 times the size of the Frogner Park. This area is close to Sørliveien and E6 highway on the west and Grønmo golf course on the north. On the south, east and partly north, this area is surrounded by Østmarka. It is an important gateway to the forest since many hiking trails start from here. It serves as good meeting places between the noisy city life and the quiet forest.

The district is highly multi cultural with 600 000 inhabitants. 47.7% are immigrants or have parents who are immigrants.

30% are less than 20 years old and 6% are more than 67 years old.

The Grønmo landfilled used to be the largest one in Northern Europe. Having functioned as Oslo’s main spot for the un- wanted since 1969, Grønmo covered over 8 million cubic meters of trash, more than 3 times of the volume of the Cheops pyramid. It was an enormous, artificial landscape built up from household waste, industrial waste, asbestos, hydroxide sludge, fly ash and etc.. It was closed in 2009. Today the waste is covered by a thin, green dressed, top cover preventing surface water from reaching in. Over 200 gas wells are built in Grønmo, making sure the continuous methane are directed transported into the nearby incinerator rather than leak out in the open air due to the anaerobic digestion of the waste.

Grønmo was entirely covered by forest in the past. The landscape within the area is hilly and characterised by low hills from the period of waste disposal. Part of the outskirts of the area are forest areas, where vegetation is high density with pine trees and some hardwoods. The landfilled area is partly grassy. It could rather be regarded as ugly scar in the beau- tiful natural Marka forest.

Right now, after the closure of the landfilled place, there are a recycling station, a sorting area and a composting plant on site.

Grønmo is one of the few areas in Oslo where it is possible to set up efficient area for the future oriented waste management.

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01 Administration office 02 Storage room for old tires 03 Storage

04 Reception room

05 Collection container for plaster 06 Collection container for mattresses 07 Collection container for wood

08 Collection container for cardboard and paper 09 Collection container for incinerated

10 Collection container for metal 11 Collection container for wood 12 Collection container for plastic

13 Collection container for things to landfill 14 Collection container for wood

15 Collection container for cardboard and paper 16 Collection container for incinerated

17 Collection container for impregnated wood 18 Dangerous waste

19 Electronics

Site boundary Composting Landfilled Water pond 20 Reuse

21 Reuse 22 Reuse

23 Collection area for asbestos 24 Collection area for PCB windows

(Norwegian-produced insulating glass windows produced 1965-1975)

(imported insulated glass windows produced until 1980, only from private customers) 25 Collection area for chloropherafine routes insulated glass windows (produced 1975-1990) 26 Collection area for garden waste grass, leaves, small twigs and diameter max 20cm branches 27 Collection area for roots, stumps and stems over 15 cm in diameter

28 Collection area for unused tiles, toilets and washbasins 29 Collection area for clean asphalt (bags must be emptied) 30 Collection area for brick concrete, light concrete

（shall not contain cables, plastic, paper and tiles, etc) (bags must be emptied) 31 Collection area for clean soil (bags must be emptied)

32 Sorting area storage room 33 Sorting area storage room 2 34 Composting management office 1 35 Composting management office 2

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Origional site plan

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2. Architectural vision

On the level of architecture and on the level of landscape, Grønmo will be constructed as a new meeting area between the natural environment and the man-made artificial landscape. Grønmo will be given new identity through good coexis- tence between recreation, learning, municipal engineering facilities and new recycle material treatment.

In the new Grønmo park, Grønmo will be strengthened as an attractive gateway to Østmarka;

Grønmo will be a meeting place with good recreational and natural experiences for all age groups, year-round;

Through different experiences, Grønmo will inspire public for greater environmental commitment.

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3. Program

List of new activities in Grønmo

- Kids’ learning path - 2nd hand flea market - Compost soil market - Waste material recycling - Birds watching

- Scenery viewing - Cafe & restaurant - Composting visit - Hiking

- Bicycle group meeting - Campfire festival

- Winter activities: Christmas tree market skiing

skating - Summer activities: picnic swimming fruit pick up kite festival A.Visitor center, 810 m²

Restaurant and Cafe Small auditorium Small exhibition space Office

B. 2nd hand flea market, 1336 m²

Outside space: temporary market space Inside space: market shops

offices

meeting rooms storage

equipment rooms C. Material recycling area, 9100 m²

Outside space: roof

Inside space: material collection containers area administration office

storage

equipment rooms D. Composting area, 21385 m²

Operational equipment space Curing and compost storage Raw material storage

Composting pad

E. Material sorting and treatment area, 9700 m² Outside space: roof

Inside space: Material sorting and treatment area Operational office

F. Landscape areas

Public area: parking area scenery platform gathering space skating plate landfilled park

Infrastructural landscape: warm water pond oxidation pond enhancement pond leachate water pond clean water pond wetland area

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

24 HOURS IN GRØNMO KITE FESTIVAL

FRUIT PICKING UP PICNIC SKATING

KIDS SKIING PLAYGROUND CHRISTMAS TREE MARKET BICYCLE GROUP MEETING CAFE & RESTAURANT

COMPOSTING VISITING HIKING

BIRDS WATCHING SCENERY VIEWING MATERIAL RECYCLING 2ND HAND MARKETPLACE KIDS’ LEARNING PATH

SWIMMING

family couple elder worker students scholars

WINTERALL

SEASONS

SUMMER

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4. Scientific research

Research about composting process and organization

composting pad (pad slope graded to 2-4%) diversion channel and dike

dike

holding pond or infiltration area pad runoff collection channel

sedi- ment trap raw material

storage curing and compost storage diversion

channel and dike diverted

runoff sorting grinding or

shredding

mixing primary

material amendments

repetitive operation

raw material storage

windrow or pile formation

curing

screening or shredding

compost

storage end use

bagging and shipping

oversized materials from screen active composting

aeration, turning, monitoring, ordoe control, and so on diverted

runoff diverted

runoff

composting pad (pad slope graded to 2-4%) diversion channel and dike

dike

holding pond or infiltration area pad

runoff collection channel

sedi- ment trap raw material

storage

curing and compost storage diversion

channel and dike diverted

runoff sorting grinding or

shredding

mixing primary

material amendments

repetitive operation

raw material storage

windrow or pile formation

curing

screening or shredding

compost

storage end use

bagging and shipping

oversized materials from screen active composting

aeration, turning, monitoring, ordoe control, and so on diverted

runoff diverted

runoff

Research about the landfilled

WASTE

TOP COVER

GAS EMISSION

GAS STATION

GAS PUMP

HIGH POWER EL LINE RAIN WATER

VERTICAL GAS WELL

HORIZONTAL GAS WELL

GROUND WATER WELL TRANSPIRATION

EVAPORATION

LEACHATE WATER

LEACHATE WATER PIPE INFILTRATION OF SEWAGE INTO GROUNDWATER

PRE TREATMENT PURIFICATION OSLO FJORD +

DRAIN STROKE STREAM WATER

STREAM WATER INTERCEPTING

GROUND WATER GROUND WATER

Planting soil Barrier protection

material Well head Lateral pipe

Suction delivers gas to the purification plant

Landfill cap

Gas vent layer

Impermeable plastic liner Drainage layer Intermediate

soil cover Trash

Picture source: New Yourk City Sanitation Department Perforated end cap

Landfill gas End

cap

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5. Design concept and diagrams

Grønmo border forest

Artificial nature inside of the site

This project aims to transform the Grønmo area with large existing rubbish collection zones into a recreational park. At the same time, the current rubbish functions, material recycling, material composting and material sorting will be kept and be converted sustainable within the idea of the public park. The whole Grønmo area is around 42.5 hector. This transformation will reaffirm the qualities of river, forest, field site with the concept to infill new experiences into the area.

There could be new activities in this area, including recycling learning classroom, birds watching, hiking, campfire festival, bicycle group gathering, picnic, Christmas tree market etc. This transformation project includes new organisation system of material collection, 2nd hand market, new organisation system of material sorting, new organisation system of material composting, visitor centre and new system of contaminated water filtering. To be able to connect the area to the existing morphology and natural environment of South eastern of Oslo, this project is part of the effort to turn the contaminated areas around Oslo into a new landscape scenery. The task of the thesis is on the crossing section of landscape design, architecture infrastructure design and architecture design.

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Design concept: devision about the function zones

Design concept: inserted functions inside of the man-made landscape Design concept: boundary around the site

Design concept: man-made slope

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Vehicle road Car parking

Water pipes Gas pipes Gas houses Water drainage Gas well

Recreational path

Oxidation pond and enhancement pond Landfilled leachate water pond Clean water pond Stream

Analysis: vehicle road and parking Analysis: recreational path

Analysis: underground facilities layout Analysis: water system

Water pipes Gas pipes Gas houses Water drainage Gas well

Vehicle road Car parking

Recreational path

Oxidation pond and enhancement pond Landfilled leachate water pond Clean water pond

Stream

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6. Architectural drawings

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Site

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WSW

S Wind direction distribution in Year

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SW 0 20 50 100 200 m

1. Material recycling building 2. 2nd hand flea market

3. Material sorting and treatment building 4. Visitor center

5. Scenery platform 6. Composting building

Site plan

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Master plan

01. Parking for public 02. Material recycling building

03. Parking for staff in material recycling building 04. 2nd hand flea market

05. Parking for 2nd hand flea market

06. Entrance for material sorting and treatment building 07. Material sorting and treatment building

08. Exit for material sorting and treatment building 09. Operational office

10. Toilet

11. Wheelchair Accessible restroom 12. Equipment room

13. Warm clean water pond 14. Visitor center

15. Man-made scenery platform 16. Forest

17. Oxidation pond 18. Oxidation pond 19. Enhancement pond 20. Enhancement pond 21. Leachate water pond

22. Wetland pollution collection area 23. Tunnel for composting

24. Operational equipment space 25. Raw material storage 26. Composting pad

27. Curing and compost storage

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Section

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Material recycling building plan

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Material recycling building section

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01. Entrance for private cars 02. Entrance for trucks

03. Collection area for Hazardous waste 04. Collection Container for Plaster 05. Collection Container for Mattresses 06. Collection Container for Impregnated wood 07. Collection Container for Metal

08. Collection Container for Plastic

09. Collection Container for Waste electricity equipments, appliances, cables 10. Collection Container for cardboard and paper

11. Collection Container for combustion 12. Collection Container for normal wood 13. Collection Container for hard shell

14. Collection Container for vinyl flooring and vinyl insulation 15. Collection Container for garden waste for composting 16. Collection Container for fluorescent lights

17. Collection Container for glass 18. Containers collection and storage area 19. Tracks for private cars

20. Exhibition and guidance area

21. Administration office and supervision area 22. Toilet

23. Wheelchair accessible restroom 24. Equipment room

25. Exit for trucks 26. Exit for private cars

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Material recycling building interior view

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Plantings SoilFilter fabric Resevoir layer

Moisture-retention layer Aeration layer

3 layers of xps rigid insulation; joints staggered horiz and vert Drainage layer

Root barrier Protection course Air, water, vapour barrier 250mm concrete structure 25mm metal furring

12mm gypsum board (painted on interior side) Interior

Exterior Mullion

Double glazed curtain wall 100mm ventilation space Zinc panel cladding 50mm air space 12mm gypsum board

100mm fiberglass batt insulation Air, water and vapour barrier 250mm concrete structure Air, water and vapour barrier 100mm fiberglass batt insulation

Metal flashing Retention tee

3mm aluminum papapet capping Fiberglass batt insulation

Metal flashing Sealant bead Sealant bead Perforated panel

Aluminum ventilation flaps

Detail 1:20

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Material sorting and treatment building plan

Material sorting and treatment building section

01. Entrance for trucks

02. Material sorting and treatment area 03. Tracks for trucks

04. Entrance for staff 05. Administration office 06. Toilet

07. Wheelchair accessible restroom 08. Equipment room

09. Exit for trucks

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50 m 0

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1. Small auditorium 2. Kitchen

3. Restaurant and Cafe 4. Toilet

5. Small exhibition space 6. Entrance

7. Platform

Visitor center plan

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Visitor center section

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Visitor center exterior view

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8. Temporary market space (Christmas tree market, compost soil market) 9. Entrance

10. Lobby and Reception 11. 2nd hand market space 12. Storage

13. Workshop and repair room

14. Management office

15. Wheelchair Accessible restroom 16. Toilet

17. Kitchen 18. Cafe

19. Outside cafe

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2nd hand flea market plan

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2nd hand flea market section

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2nd hand flea market exterior view

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2nd hand flea market semi-exterior view

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Wetland area view

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Scenery platform view

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Material sorting exterior winter view

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7. Model photos

1:3000 Site model

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1:1000 Model

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1:1000 Model

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1:1000 Model

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1:200 2nd hand flea market model

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1:200 visitor center model

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List of new activities in Grønmo

Project title: New Grønmo park

Contents

List of new activities in Grønmo