CM_1976_B_03.pdf (508.2Kb)

In"tierne,tional Council for the Exploration of the Sea

.. '/ C_o

l10197

G

/B;3

Gee,r and Behaviow C9mriiittee REPORT BY SPECIAL JOINT SESSION

on

THE r.mTHODS FOR OBSERVING GE.AR MID THE REACTIONS OF FISH TO GEAR Chairman: Dr C S Nardle

Rapporteur: Dr S J De Groat

1.

1.1eeting time and place: Tltesday 30 lfurch 1276, Hull 2" 'particiPants:

G Vanden Broucke

Station de pgche Me,ri time Ankerstraat ~ 1

8400 Ostende Canada

- ^-

P J G Carrot hers

Fisheries & l:'Iarine Service Environment Canada

Bioloe;ical Station St Andrews lr.B EOG 2XO Franoe

. . . d - •

G Kurc ISTPl.[

BoPo 1049 rue de 1'1110 dfYeu 44037 11antos Cede::

A Ma,ucorps ISTPM

BoP. 104~ rue de 1'Ille d'Yeu 44037 Nantes Cedex

1[ Portier ISTal

I3^oPo 1049 rue de l'Ille d'Yeu 44037 Nal1tes Cedex

G Freytng

Insti tut fUr Fane;1eohl1ik 2 Hamburg 50

Palmaille 9

K Lange

Il1stitut fUr Fangteohnik 2 He,mburg 50

Palmai11e

9

r',

1 •

J'

, ' , (

",; ;.

... 'I

." '

".

',' ,:.,

, .'

, ' J i

';:."

. ^;"

. \ .. r

"·1 I

. f

C)'..', '

, .. i

. ^'

I } "'I: '

".'

. r ':', <

.',

.... --

t "

."

" 'I

, ,t;

~)The. Geherali~e:~~~:tary

ICES:: ;.,' ^r)

"CharIot'~enltind Slot DIe 2920 Che,rlotten1und DEJ)Tl'.UlllK

T JlTentjes

·ln61;i tut fUr Fane,rteclmik

, 2 He,nlburg 50.'

Palrna,ille 9

Netherlands

- - < . . . I".~"!",: ',i, r I

H B Becker

\ , _{... I_l} .t ^{j .} ;'.';

Netherlands Institute for Fishery Investigations Post bus 68

Haringlcade 1 Ijmuiden 1620

,

E

J de Boer

^{' .... ' ! . ,;',}

Netherlands Insti tu"lie for Fishery Investigations Postbus 68

Haringkade 1 Ijmuiden 1620 S J de Groot

Netherlands Institute for Fishery Investigations Postbus 68

Haringkade 1 Ijmuiden 1620 R C Peters

Laboratory of Comparative Physiolog'y University of Utrecht

Netherlands A Schuyf

University of Utrecht Netherlands

A Endal

Insti tute of Fishery Techno1ofrJ ReseD.rch PO Box 2900

5011

Bergen~·Nordes

A ]'erno

The Norges Fiskerihpgskole A Johannessen

Institute of Fishery Technolog'Y Research PO BoY: 2900

5011 Bergen-Nordes K 01sen

Insti tut0 of

~,!J:8,rine

Research PO Box

2906~

Nordnesparken 2 5011 Bergen-Nordes

S O:).sen

Institute of. Fishe:ry Technolog-,f Research PO Box 2900

501lBergen-Nor<:lnes

,. " '

, ,2.

!'

( ' , .

. j '

t , " ':.1 .... ; ,

J ^t{ Valdermarsen

Insti tU'lie of Fishery Teohnology Researoh PO Box 2S00

5011 Bergen-1Tordnes Syeden

J K Lunde

Charmes Uni versi ty of Teobnolo&;y United Kinr::d.om

_... ... ...

C Baker

lfIJFA Indus·t;rial Development Unit St AndreNs Dock

Hull A J Dean

~'lFA Industrial Development Unit St AffirevlS Dook

Hull

J J Foster

DAFS 1I1aririe

'LabdraJt:bry

PO Box r:1(n,·l' :;'[,\, :

Aberd~ieri.:.· i." ·i·'.; ':;i. "::':).;'.,' ;cC

I ... I ~ . ' >:~, , . ;'

"t·,··

J F Fo~t .. er!;" ",t, . j<J',l . " ; i! .

vlJFA Inq,ustp~al .. ;p~y,eloPrI\erit . 4ni

i

St And:revJSDook,·, i· . . . : : : j

" ".1 ' , . c I;' ! .:,."

UMJ,;L,: , k: [f[' . I.:

r ^{f . ~; . , ' e • •}

M Hatf±eld' I';'.'li.r;, " ~ ... , .. ; i " .

,\,',

HFA Indtis1iria.1! D'E~VeloPTJient Unit : i ;)"

St Andrewsⁱ 'DJbll'~

. '

Hull-Y: ·")[~f.J'f '/,;y" [':" " .. ,:~ l'.l."

A D Hawkins

DllFS Marine Laboratory

PO Box 101

Aberdeen

R

Hargetts

~WFF Fisheries Laboratory Lowestot:t

, .' I···. ":"'. f .. , i,: i!.: .:; ... )

D N 1IIaO~eY,U'l.an.. ;:.,. '.. . ^{i . . '} DAFS ". :)-1ari.ne, LaboratorY,·;,

PO J30X

tQl

J:., ,i;! ..

Aber.cle~n·':i:' t:,.:!.'''.;·'· " 1 '

~'-J~L;:'Robe~tsdrt;,' :~'C 1": '\.

WFA Industrial Development St Andrmvs Dook

Hull

l r.'~': ",I,r

Unit

.. ^{" ~}

. I " . / '

f I \,'.

" I '

','

':'

W

$id.dl~ , . '" '" , " , ' " ' . . ,', ~J~i.:.~nd.J.i~~r;~,+:,p~:veX9pm~?t. Ul7-~ ii . J ."

St Andrew.s·Dock :'

H~;L(·:>,:).

.' .".:', .

^!.',

P AM~ s:tib'wa.tt··~: ",:"

DAFS ~~arine Lal)orator~r

PO Box 101

Aberdeen

,-..

• • < '.

. ;. ,\." . .

'.

^'-,'"

' . f ~ ~ ... , ,~ I . •

-,I;

__ .: : , l ' . ' ' ; ' •• ~.. 1 '

.~ , '!

U 'jl I ' I . ' t

" (, ; C' L'

:< " i -:. I i

,", .' '.'

i.:', "

, ,',

1.1' "

, .

" i

,I: \ !

:) .

'",

. i

. , " "

, !..

','I I,'.:' i \ 1\

.:: l,.'!

:.,.1;

"

"

" , . .

,,"_ 3,:': ~ ..

':. '

, '"/ ~':', ~~ I

" , _{, , ' I l}

" " " " ' \

,:

. .'1,

C S vJardle

DAFS Marine Laboratory PO Box 101

Aberdeen USSR

-.

A I Treschev

mRO

Verkhne-Krasnoselslcaya 17 ]l1os oow B-140

,Observers

, " t ' ,:, 1

"',

'.' (.:,1':

. r .... ,' ^{( I , .}

J Soharfe FAO

Fisheries Department

Via delle Terme di Caraoalla 00100 Rome

30

AE;:enda

'~. t: ",' ,:.,' _;,:,~ . F ' . !

C. Res.

1975/2:6 (ii)

approved a speoial subjeot for the World,pg"q:r;'Pup.pP, reaotion of fish to fishing operations to be oonvened by Dr C S Wardlen;'jio,.

appraise existing and proposed methods for studYing the reaotions of fish to.

fishing operationso However in organising this meeting it was realised that

r;'

members of the tiorking Groups on researoh on eng;ineering aspeo'/is of fishing gear 1 vessels and equipment would be equally interested inraeth6ds" U:sed

.'to ,',

observe fishing gears. It was therefore arranged with the Chairman

of

{thi3:t' •..

1rforking Group that a speoial joint session should be held to disouss these odrrm'lon methods at Hu1l1 talcing advantage of the oombined ~forking Group meetin€{~

in.

Hu~lo

The aim of the meeting was to learn al)out suocessful obf.3 .. ervatiop,l ~e(}hll~qu~t3, a~ ,!.

i-vell as those that had been tried and had failed and so help to fir1d,{~l:le(most

appropriate teohniques for the various [J,spects of gear and behaviour res'earch~,'

r (

~le meeting dealt with four major observation methods.

Direct observation by souba divers.

Television oameras and video tape.

Submarine observation ohambers and to~ved underwater vehicles.

'. /,

; ' .. I

What

use

can be made of aooustic systems. , ' .. ^I,:, Written or prepared contributions describing details of these or

r~l~ted

observation teohniques were invited. The authors had been B,slced to :t,)oi!rltout·

"'Thioh partioular resee,rch aspeot it 'toms !nos'b sui ta.ble for 'e,ndasses's the use':"

fulness of the teohnique in a) observation or reoording of gear in aoti8n and b) observation of reaotion of fish to gear. Film~ video tape, slides ordther material presenting relevant teohniques or examples of results of t11f'l;,obs,erv;a~ion

teohniituea '(rfere weloome at the meeting. ' ' , ' .

" i .;.:

4.

.Introduotion .. ' . ' . , ' !

The 'vritten and spoken contril)utions to the ,meeting reyie'trled a la,rge'iiiuhber of praotioal methods used by soientists of ICES countries to:'6b'sei-ve:fisll reaotion s,nd fishing gears ill aotion. The teohnology is wide ranging and oomplej(:" ana apy endeavour to summarise the whole in a permanent form Hould be quiokly outdated':

due to the oontinuous developments in these frontiers of underwater, te.clfJ;19lo~J.

It is: therefere oonsid.ered werthwhile te reoemrnendtha:t the- tr,ri tten o.o:ntributions to the ~eetingibe;pul)iished.as ICES papers whioh together "Tith the i,woount .of this meej;i'ngf'orm

an

up' to date outline of, the teohnolegy 'of gear and fish obs ervati en teohniques. '.' The extended discussiens on use .of ultr.2rsounding teohniques was.

useful in showilig those attending that ther€l,'titeren1lIIlerous slight vari.ations in the use of sounders_i soanners_i cemputing sonars ete eaoh .one developed to selve a

particula:r':prebletn~'The 'tabulatien ofsonarvtElohniq:ue against appli.oati.on (Table 1) ~;!discussedat the meeting? served to illustrate thespeoialisatien

inh~rent ,iin;applyirig senar te'dhniques to anypartibular .observation- pr.oblem. . This table'does not attempt

to

8.efine the ,complete' rahge:. of teohniques er applicatiens.

There are now many developments of instr1lIIlentati.on systems designed for metering fishing gears and it yrasnet the .intention .of this' meeting. to survey.·er·, .

evaluate them'."· Hbwever inolusien of the' descriptien. and ·d.etnenstrationof the·

lrJFA trawl instru.rneht paokage brought 'many .of· us .up te date in this field.· . The denionstratien: of'the nel-T WFA'·f[1lIIle tank was ve:l:'y'relevant te:this join:~sesl;lion as an imme<liaiJe and' 'insiJruotive'methbd 'of observing gears in a·ot'ion • .:The' d.etiil.led specificat'ion . of thistarllc and the sdalingpre'oedure is, therefore included haa contrib'l1tl!6n' te this session .repert

(m.l[1976/B22,

and

B23).

, '," .

, " ' , ,

" I •• ' ; .

" ~ , ,

Di:r'ectb'bserv8,iJion by ,Scuba diverso . C S .. tfardle presentBd: the paper by " _ . . J Main

arid

G'I'Sarigsterti-tile 'The Aberde'en Gear Diving Te. chni que ,

(CJ:.I[1976/B20).

iThis paper 'was illustrated by film arid video -uape examples and the limits Of,·

<ebs~rvat1on

,'b1

it'he'·diviri:g~techniqri.e"vered:iisoussed inrelatietl 'both to fish""

re~otion and gear observations ~' ^{. !} ,'> .. ' . ' " . • . .

',,:.'

Television oamerasaild iVidee tape. . C SHardle presented. a,paper_,bylrfardle and Priestle'y- title 'The Basic Princip1esof Closed'Circuit'Telev±s:j;onSystems.

for Labor~tdryand 'Field. Use in Fisheriies Researoh t

(c!:11976/B21) .'"

The , ;

meeting disc1i~sed :thEj'ilighil levelsreqllire'd ·:for ,using'e:dstingitelevisiQn cameras

'and· also thepossib:LUty .of uS2ng single wavelength light seurces : which might

net be seen by theffsh., The Nerwegians are·icons!i:dering l'Thether ,it is pessible teengineer'$, fl~,shinglightwherethe pulses are so short that the. fish no longer seesthempyet,are. ill1lIIlinatedby them. Gating. ,of ·uhes.e shert· pulses as in s()nar devioesliias':~Hse disoUssed and thought tebe impraoticaLa.t, present.

The-gatingteahtJi.qUowould'avoid seeing'the p8,rtioles;in the water:bet~'1een the oamEira'cmd the object 'being .observed. It was realised that .. furtherdevelopment . ih'lew'light· oameras 1IJa6 required befere .observation in;many··fishing. conditions

oould be made ~vi thout artifi cial light. ,'. ,.,

Submarine,observatien ohambers Iitnd tot-red under1l1ater vehioles. , No written contributions' Were presented on these subjects. AI Treschev reported on the.

Soujet"'BathyplaYie? 8, ;;ewedsledge cennected to'the head1:Lneand otterbeards.

of a 'trawl~ . The . Bathyplane can be manned';'trlith ttvo divers.;a,nd .. oameras~ ,He mentioned'a dry ancl

a

1.vet version Was used in:Russia. J J Foster. outlined. the hl.story of; the.' Aberdeen to\'1ed vehicle and indicated: the difficulties met with . during the developrhehts., Cur:relit developments include experiments';w:tth .the

stability' of the vehicle when tewed. and: the c.orreot shapes for: steering fins ~

The; ·life support systems .of' the Vehicle: have "proved themselves suitable.:t'er long 'observations: by t'trW scienHsts f0;t..'upto 3' 'he'\.U's at depths dmm te 100 m.

Flume Tank. A demenstration of the neN' gear testing·flume·tanlc :was very·

relevant to this cembined Working Group meeting and twe valuable oontributiens 'were' made' by theWhi te Fish Autho:t-1 tYpfirstly' a oontribution' entitled ...

tDesig:nt

Constructi'onanci Calibration': of; the vJhi te ' Fis'h Authority Flume Tank' (m.1[

1976/B22)

presented 'by W Siddell and J L Robe:l:'tson and. secondly a related

contribu;tion '.Flume Tank Facility .... NetI,~odelling .Techniques' (OM 1976/B23) . ; was presented by D t'Jileman. A number of· net models including. b9th pele,gic.},1.nd demersal trawls were demonstrated.in the. flume, tank: to the delegates. , I t )oT\1S

notable that during this. short demonstration the effector modifyipg the ,tpwing.

characters' and parts of· .the ·gee,r. Were ,i.fIllnedia'tely seenby.the delegates. .' WFAJ Developments in Gear', Inst;umentation. C Baker' presented

a;~ew

^gear

instrumentation . package which in' p;rinci·p:!.~ sen~s., coded readings';of the r' , ,

instruments via a netsonde cable from the gee,r instruments to th~ tmiipg Ship.

A field report FR393 is ava,ila1Jl('3 from .HfA$ Ind'\.:!..~t:):'ialDeveI6pm('3nt:Oni t ~ ·I~ul.l.

\' :'.i,'

Hhat use can be! m?J.deof acoustic :I3YEltems? A 1,1ri tten .con,tributio:p. title. " . 'Acoustic Tracking of .Fish and. Fishi:ng Gears'. (CM, 1976/B24) w~s presented by.

D U MacLennanand summarisedi the principles and applications .of this form, 9£ ", acoustic rangf.3 as used at Aberde\3n. .RMargettspresented apa.pel:' '!:?Y. M .GreE(r;:-.;,;

HaL'l(er title 'MAFF Se.otor.f:!canning .Sonar' ;(Cl~197.6/B,25). The paper give13 a , ; general descript:Lon of the properties of the instrument' mOWlted o,n. the. r,es.e,a;rch vessel t Clione' and...outlinecl' :the pr O,ced'\.:!.!'e. used when f!olJJo}vi;ng t}lerElact~Q~'l, fOf . a fish to a Granton trawl. K Olsen ma:lces use of a system comparable to the one described by D N MacLennan where a fish can be pinpointed and follo'l'led f'or.

several days. S Olsen described the nmV' integrated trawl instrumentation recently installed in G 0 Sars. Here information from: Loran?sh:j.p 'log~ giro, compass?,

·eoho ~oUYider9 sonar~multi-tIla;\lJlsorlde(l!I']Sh tl~awlfi11ingindicator, and. (I " . ' . '

temperature are fed to the central pro.9,essing computer and the resultsdi,~ple;y~d on a· ,ooloUr oathode ray tube.'· CoJ:our.edsymbols~re1;1.sedtoidentify gE3ar, s~l:ip:~

fish shoals ~ track of shoals and fish etc. Alterna;t,:j.ve, modes includei.a dispi~y of a plan~ a section? or a time integTated display eto. Various levels of development. of'complexi tyof similar, computing sonar systems,sui-table. for various projects were ·des.cribed by the No:rwegian partioipants. ;A Schuyf: ..

describede, "split e:i.ement hydrophone syr,rbE;lm^il designed by ):)N~lson.(Ste,te., . Universi ty ,L6sAngeles ~ California?; USA) df;lVeloPE?Q. for traoking largeshal,-;ks, with 8,ttaGhed transponding lmilti .... channeltags. ':l!4.e tag oould.itral:').smi t the depth?

temperatuXle v light level·? oompasshee~dingand.otheXl par""Irwters.. The tag 'was:,,::

also equipped \~i th a releasing mechanism to reooverl-t;he tag., The working ra,nge of thist.agwas up

t6

3·milesat

30kHz.

BY.using,different .frequenciess~veral

aniraals can be 'monitore.d simultaneously and the bat t, ery life isincrease<;1..

;qy

the transponding 6vli tcb. off system. K Glsen clescri bed •. the ,use,~ofJ~asonar system to analyse the. movemen'~s of the ,God in the Lofoten breeding areCj.s by qfl.tching . and:tagging with acqustio tags approximately 20 1:'i9h north of,Lofoten and 1,vCil-tching their passage at a more southerly station. . .. _"

An extended' discussion on .. ,aooust1c me.thods demon~tratedth9,t there;were many possiblelmys of 'using this teGhnology~ Many of the f?pecialil3eq. p;ieces . of apparatus arelimi:bed to particular, types. of Obf:lerve,tion~ for exampJ,~'

a

simpledirectionalhydrophoneheld from a small boat .01" held by a .. stvimrning diver can"be used to looate the: .:fish with a tranf;lmitting tag or at. tl;1e O'tp.er extreme a complex computed sonar system built into a r~searoh ship can;be.used·

to follow shoals "of fish reacting to gears • Table,; . .1:; wher~ the type of. aoollst;i,c device' is tabulated against the possible: .application;vJas discuss.ed att~le

meeti:n:g~ however the oomplexities of both. these p~rameters ma,dei t diffioul

t ,

to drat1T detai:led .c.onclusionsy but did- :point out the.s.ort. of cOn:tpli(}at1011,·.~nd~1 ^t specialisation inherent in seleoting the correct sonar observation techniques for any particular observ~tion problem.

" .' '" l ! • • • • I- • • ' . , • •

Acoustio, methods for pelagic and dem~rsal. stock assessment.. Fo1l9wing gear and.behaviour Qommit.tee

c. •.

Res. 1975/5:4 mem))ers of the., combined Worl<;ing .. Groupf meeting were made aware of .1;he .. need to be familiar yIi th the subject: matter:

involved 9 for future discussions.

6.

6. List of Contributions

(Submitted

sepa~ately

to Gear and Behaviour Committee)

. ^:.

1. The Aberdeen Gear Diving Technique

t?,y-

.9:ohn Main and 0 I

^Sangster~

Marine

Laborato~y?

PO Box 101, Aberdeen (presented by C S Wardle)o (CM1976/B20).

2. The Basic Principles of Closed Circuit Television Systems for Laboratory and Field Use in Fisheries Research

by C S \1Tardle and R Priestley

^t

Narine Laboratory, PO Box 101? Aberdeen (presented by C S WardIe). (CM 1976jB21).

3. :);esignp construction and calibration of the White Fish Authority Flume

TcM1k

by W Siddle?

WFA~

Industrial Development Unitp St Andrews Dock? Hull (presented by 11 Siddle and

J

L Robertson). (CM1976/B22).

4. Flume Tank Facility - Net ]'[odelling Techniques

by D Wileman, lrJFA, Industrial Development Unit? St Andrews Dock, Hull,.

(presented by D 1Hleman). (CM1976jB23).

5. Acoustic Tracking of Fish and Fishing Oears

by D N MacLennan

v

G Urquhart? and A D Hawkinst Marine Laboratory, PO Box 101, Aberdeen

(presented by D N MacLennan;,and A D Havvldns). (CM1976/B24).

6.

1~F

Sector Scanning Sonar

by M Orear-Walker, MAFF, Fisheries Laboratory? LONestoft

(presented by R Margetts). (CM197 6/B25).

Table 1

Sm'nmary

of

the types er

SOZlar'

d$'vl.ces and their

ap:plieati'~n i~ fish behaviour

and

fishhlg tecilnology research ..

A - normally usaful:

B -may be useful:

C - not normally useful Portable tag

fixe-i ar't.~a.y

.fixed array sector

echo

various Gloria N10 TYfE OF INSTRm1ENr

finder (ca..n. be

of d.irectional

of hydro-phones sonar

compu.ted diver heid)

h1drr,;phenes

acoustic range

scenner

sounder side scanner sonars APPLICATION movement of fish

~ C C A-B B A A ~;hoals v

movement of individual ...

C C 13 C C B

,.

fish .... " m<wement of individual tagged .fi&'1 in limited A A A A C C B C aI'ea

movement of a tagged

A B B A C ,.. B C fish in .!ml,i,m,i

tJ.:!

area

\,

geometry of

f:i 511

ing

I'" B A A n B B C

..,

u gears ~~ dent i fying sounds prod~ced by

gear and

C

B

A B C C C C Ehips

sea floor mapping

C C C

A B

B C A