ISBN 978-82-326-6032-2 (printed ver.) ISBN 978-82-326-6849-6 (electronic ver.) ISSN 1503-8181 (printed ver.) ISSN 2703-8084 (online ver.)
Doctoral theses at NTNU, 2021:242
Siri Marie Skaftun
Manganese Oxide in Zinc Electrowinning
Deposition and removal at platinum, gold and IrO
2-Ta
2O
5/Ti anodes in sulphuric acid
Doctor al thesis
Doctoral theses at NTNU, 2021:242Siri Marie Skaftun NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology Thesis for the Degree of Philosophiae Doctor Faculty of Natural Sciences Department of Materials Science and Engineering
Thesis for the Degree of Philosophiae Doctor Trondheim, July 2021
Norwegian University of Science and Technology Faculty of Natural Sciences
Department of Materials Science and Engineering
Siri Marie Skaftun
Manganese Oxide in Zinc Electrowinning
Deposition and removal at platinum, gold and
IrO
2-Ta
2O
5/Ti anodes in sulphuric acid
NTNU
Norwegian University of Science and Technology Thesis for the Degree of Philosophiae Doctor Faculty of Natural Sciences
Department of Materials Science and Engineering
© Siri Marie Skaftun
ISBN 978-82-326-6032-2 (printed ver.) ISBN 978-82-326-6849-6 (electronic ver.) ISSN 1503-8181 (printed ver.)
ISSN 2703-8084 (online ver.) Doctoral theses at NTNU, 2021:242 Printed by NTNU Grafisk senter
0123 452
6789978988
87!8"8#98867$!6!"%&
67'8987897
89888(!6!"('797989
898997987)
9*+(,-#(#8&*'89(
'.89886 8979&*8/&
0#87&
178789928797-398
2878)845893
$")4%(67#888-89& 67")4 -$&77879:%9 88-89
7497;8!788989<
+=,6!=(>!8#()9/*88&
67798989897&*788(8
#8899897$;77%&*8988
777899#878.98998;7
?&6797'89979$;79@A(
98#%&679798B89 97 8.9&67997(89 9889
$%959$989A&CA&7(8899 8998#D 499$%%&67(99 79
9 99E#8898A&?
78.B98$F;%898A&@&679 9898B59'8$8&&8#(
7(&%(788(5
&9.(999889
8
00
123456517896564461869512363965 5325253926351555512345152686541545251 6517896692565154651354686636925651549152 6121 15663245936133 5653!45"4#45413 6321459361315665$43 52459361315665% 5"1556 322548133 5653!4564686654657 13&532546866 9235482532253#3 5653!45 6513'("3863625925651549152438133) 468 56136328182532)9152
0123456 789773
!"#$"
" "%&'(!&
%&%%'
&) !"#$!$*+,-%
!- %&'
!%% & .&%
$/#01+1 .&%2& .&"
& %'3)
%& &%%!%
!%#4'#&"$ 5678%&-9&&)
%' !%-%&-
#&:.%!& !
%& 4'5*!4'$,'
(;& 4 +$&&1%) %"<(</ &"%!% '
&&!= )
" &+%796"3%4%"3$!
$!%5"-;;>%"
&!'
+#31-&-0 &)
& "4'358&% 0 && '4'5 (&&% $1+ 14$'(
4'3,'?!&@%$(1+ % &'
01
2345676894966877466545458 4585648446488945466 8369765749 !"
4#78$94544467#865##4
%828677&8864943677485878
%6743 4386#864987'67 2759454#48784##874884 8489453584 349(8662345676894 9)8485##47#838834966 87644686643 #875*4#688+, 345674#486384545
01234563
7898898988989998999898 9889988899 989!898
"#$%99989988!9999&
99'8899 989(!89989!88 99888!9999899889989999 )8899 98!98999989'8999
*!89989988899
+!99'99(!998998899
9 9989!9898
7 999!8988998 8899 98
89!889,9989999898
9988898*9,9!98999
9!998-89'998 8899
9889!88!''8!8-.+./0+
999!9!889889999'!
9'899998899'
9999(!,89"#12)%88!
$89+9998899 9
9 89+9988899 99889!8 !89988838&'99998 8*8999'998978999
9!99998899 9999'8
!99889999+99(!989898 9999998'8!88998899 999998"45678%'89!999
89!89'998'8999!8
899989888899 9'8989 ,99998
01
23456375458797563646455547687977546775747 87874994577777687676457764 53878774655476877637775574 47768446463877787476794876 84775
01234235
6 78998 6
!"#$$$ %
&"#$$$ '
&( )!!$$ *
+ ,9-.9-/-0-1 2
3!456789 :
;! $( :
6$$ <
"#$)5"$5"$8=$ $
% ; $45" %
% 3!("6 ($ '
% ;4>$88$ *
%% ;! $( )!( "#$ ""8?
"6$ @
%' 9 ( A#$#6 '
7
0111 23456457 89 999999999999999999 6537
9 !"#"$"%&#'(#)"#"*!%()+9999 , 98 -."#".99999999999999999999999 / 9 #0&""$ 999999999999 1 9 ($#2#03#45"# 999999999999 8
6 7896:1;645<= 6
9 $0"##99999999999999999 , 99 *+9999999999 , 998 3#45.>#.#.#99999999999999999 / 98 ?$""$"($#"#'9999999999999999 /
989 "2!"#)"#".*!)+!#2@ .#AB@-."#".*!+99999999999 / 9898 B@-C#"*B-+9999999999999999 D 9 !"#"$"($#"#' 9999999999999999 D 99 (A"#"$""$E&99999999 ,1 998 !"#"$"%&#'(#)"#"*!%()+,D 99 -2""#*-!+ 9999999999999 F8 99 3@&-."#".999999999999999 F
G67H=57 IJ
,9 ($#"#'0@.#.#"##999999 FK ,99 "#9999999999999999999999 FK
01234235 67 899 99999999999999999999999 89 ! "9999999999999 # 899 $!%&'!999999999999999 # 899 '(%&'!999999999999999 )8 899# *! ( 9999999999999999999999999 ) 89# +! $! ,! $-! &!.(999 )/
89#9 $0!! 9999999999999999999 /1 89#9 2 &0!! 99999999999999913 89#9# $!99999999999999999991) 89#93 +! ("-"9999 89#98 +4!" ! 9999999998 893 +5$ 99999999999999999999999999999996 8939 $0!! 99999999999999999996 8939 $!9999999999999999999#
8939# &!.7.$099999999999999999999999#8 898 8!! % +!999999999999999999999#6 896 8 9. !99999999999999999999#) 89 .!(8&!99999999999999999993 89) 9 ! .+4!"(:!! 999999999999933
; <65=>55612 ?@A
69 ! !" ! 999999999999999999993/
699 B(! !9999999999999999993/
0 12345346
7898 88888888888889
78 888888888888888888889!
7889 "#$888888888888888888888888979 788 %&#$'(')*+,$888888888897- 78- *+8888888888888888888888888888897.
78. *,#88888888888888888888888888888897
/ 12301263236 456
7 8241229 4/:
;3<132=>?@AB 4/C D EFG?BH3I>?04323 476
; J335>?3K2245>0A?>=5 464
012324 1563576891 6
! "#$
% %& '(#! ! $
%) %*'! )+! ,!
%- %$+-+(! $
./ .!'"'(++$/(0+!',!
)%) )+! &!(+%&!(+)+! &!(+
)./ )'! 1$."#! "2!345($/#! "#$
)6/ )+! &!(+6#!,('!/#! "#$
)7% )+! &!(+7*( 8% $"(+ 0(+('!
9% 9+(""$%( 0'
:/- :'!( /;!!#-+(! $
/) ! * $! * *"/*+#&(!)+! ,!
<=) < (+=$, 1!')+! ,!
>%? >#!'% *?!'(+
>)5 >@$1!')2+*'5!('
?))A ?+$!&! !&! B!'!
?C) ?+$! (D* !&$+!'!
5.) 5('1.")+! ,!
5=) 5!2! "0+!=$, 1!')+! ,!
55.) 5('15'1.")+! ,!
5C 5 !#! (* !
5-% 5!*+(!,2 !*"( 0' /%) /(* (!,%(+!+)+! ,!
/) /('''1)+! ' "#$
@
011 23456457
89 89
9 9
9 9
!8 !"#$8
!#% !"#%&
!#' !"#'(
)1753*7+,-3.7
/
/ ' (
0 1
23 8458($67
8 %&(6
9 :
9; 8
< '=(
' '
> 1(
>? 1( @( (
A 1(
B
C
DE 8 ((4=(F
G H($4
I H($ 4
J 8K
LM N
LMO P
LMQ 8(45(7
LMRSR 9
T #
U %
UE %4=(F
V 9
01234235 6777
89
012 34567568
01234567
89464 9
!"!##$%
!%!&$'!(!
)#*%#'
+#,!,-../.
"#%0#$!
! 1# %!!#
$ 2$.##
#.$"
# 34$#
'&!.##!
# 5'.&!'
$ #!!#
3/#$#&!',
#! 1#
!#%#!##4#',
!.$.#%!##
'!'##$! 6#.
#!$#&!'.#
##!##!#&.
/#%$"'##
4' 7.#'##
8
0 123456789 575
! "#$ %
& "' &"(% )
*"'"#!#%("
'!"'""%&"%"("
""%("+,-./),""%(""&
(+))" /0!%%"#
&'%&"(0&""#'%"
"""#&%"#&&%123)4"5"
,-.'%(""!( "6""""#
"0 % #"""&7"89 "%"# ""1:3)."!7"89
067";8).
(("5"(<& "#%&7";8)='!
,-. 7";8""( (< &&',-."#! "#"#%>
"%#"""'"#&,-.")?,-."#
%%""0&0"'" # !
" " !""#"""#%>"%$ &,-.
(""%'(")@ !
$ &'"#"#"0 #"#
,-."#"&")
AB A CD EFGH IFJKLMD EED EN
O""% &""""%"#")
4"( ( #% #" #
"""#)P"""# 6""#(""
"0%Q""+( RST &'
"/1U3)O" & ""#"%& +)#) /)?""" ($ "%("6"
0)4""""#!6"0"
(" """"#O"89")? """
'" "" (& 5"""#
&(&"%"< )?
%""'%&" ""#"#& 6"""
"#""#" "')?(2)2 '&'"%" "!"%
0101 23456785934434
!"# "!
$%"$&$'$( )*+
'('!$$,#-&!!. !
"# "!'$
/0/0/ 1234567895:7;;7;
<"=>?"$'$ " $""$@ABC
<'?"""('$#= =$!B@AB-CC $"=>?"'""= =$
,#,='"""!"="
DE8538F G45849H934 IJK LL MNO PQR* (MNO SJTUV RP MNO QR (MNO WJK R MNO PQL (MNO XY ZPP (MNO RQL ((MNO
0 123456789 575 !"# $%&!"'! (!!!"
)!%# *%%( +$,-.( / )"0 1 +%# )&#!&#
1&! %!$ 233 )#45 1, " 67 8 1&! 9!- +%0 :3 /
;<!"!$&# ! 6 =>+?="@!
# & 6A B1
,& ! !!%+!$!&! 9!C +'!%D
$! !!+,%E & +"+&! %!$$-C F"&0
@!5GHI @!-$0 JKLM3NA28 -0 OGHI O5-"0 JKL3N338 -0
PQPQR STUVWXYUZW[[W[
+#! ! +!%$\"!,& !-]^-600#D
!%#!"!$\%%$!-]^-_001+!,& !-]^
-700$$$$$% ! +!%++!,& !
!+$+"+$ !%% % ! +! +\"!,&D
! !E& $! +, ! C + !%$ +"+E +!,& !!&!+%! !!"^&&$ $`7a b!!!" $ ,+!,& !#"+ C,&E& ! +! \ C(=!"!,!#! +!,& !$&!%$D
&$C $ \ !%!$%%"% !C !=+&$^&#! b!
+$! \ E#!"!$\%%$! +!%$!<$$
=!(! C,&\"! + +!+!,& !!+%! !!"
$`2a
0101 23456785934434
! "#
$% $%& #! "
'( '( #)! "*
$+%+%&,-./0,12&.%&34&5+%5.+(+2,3%5&+556+%,//31.%7.%8(89 51,:.%%.%";<,&.5.,%,0&,22+%+%&,-./.&/&.1+4(:6%3&.% (+/+%,/&+&.56.%/1&8,11,&.,%,0563%/1(=.%(+/&310+8>1&3(5.% .%(&&8,%5+2.%+5.,%,056<1,/38/7.%8+%/(,:186(,1.%+&?,(35.,%"
,:?1>8,11,&.,%,056+%,/+%/(+/.2<31.5.&+1%,5+&1(?+%5:6%
;@A(851,/&+13&/"B,1+(((851,/2+51.+(&>561,:.%(+=1,0 2+%+%&,-./(+/&5,+%.%81+&.%1&.&5+%8,?15.2"B315612,1>
:6%3&.%+%+85.?+%,/;@A56,?1<,5%5.+(:.((.%81+&+&2+%9 +%&,-./4(,8C&+85.?&.5&+%//.2.%.&6&568+5+(=5.8+85.?.5=,056 +%,/1&3(5.%.%+/81+&.%%1=D8.%8=";31.%(,%9512 3&,0 +%,/&:.56,352+%+%&,-./12,?+(>&8+(&,02+%+%&,-./2+=
/5+8601,2 56+%,/&310+8+%/<,5%5.+((=8+3&&6,158.183.5&"@6,15 8.183.5&8+3&56<1,/38/7.%85,/.&&,(?+%/2+=8+3&.11?,8+4(/+29 +5,56+%,/"',%&E3%5(=>/<,&.5.,%,02+%+%&,-./23&54 8,%51,((/+%/%/&5,412,?/+513(+1.%51?+(&"
F2,?+(,02+%+%&,-./1<1&%5+&.%.G8+%58,&50+85,1.%7.%8(89 51,:.%%.%"H6(+/+%,/&+112,?/01,2 568((+%/562+%+%&
,-./.&12,?/286+%.8+((=",:?1>:6%3&.%;@A (851,/&.5.&
.2<,15+%556+5568+5+(=5.88,+5.%.&%,5/+2+//31.%2+%+%&,-./ 12,?+(+&56.&2+=(+518+3&56&34&51+55,<+&&.?+5>563&/+85.?+5.% 56(851,/"'62.8+(+%/I,1(851,862.8+(/.&&,(35.,%,02+%+%&
,-./2.654<,&&.4(256,/&5,&388&&03((=12,?2+%+%&,-./ :.56,35/+2+.%568+5+(=5.88,+5.%"J(851,862.8+(1/385.,%,02+%9 +%&,-./.&/&81.4/.%2,1/5+.(.%&85.,%"#"#"'62.8+(/.&&,(39 5.,%8+%4<10,12/4=6+5.%.%8,%8%51+5/&3(<631.8,16=/1,86(,1.8 +8./KLM>,14=+//.5.,%,00,1.%&5+%8011,3&.,%&BKNM>K M>
@+EKOM,1,-+(.8+8./KM"$+%=,056&256,/&+1%,5/.185(= 8,2<+5.4(:.56567.%8(851,:.%%.%<1,8&&>+%/23&54<10,12/.% +&<+1+58,%5+.%1><,5%5.+((=:.56?%5.(+5.,%'(>@"4?.9 ,3&(=>.5.&.2<,15+%55,2+C&3156+556;@A8,+5.%/,&%,5/.&&,(?
&.23(5+%,3&(="H68,&5,056862.8+(&.&+(&,+%.2<,15+%50+85,1"561 2.5.+5.,%&51+5.&.%8(3/3&.%.%81+&/&5.11.%8+3&.%2+%+%&,-9 ./5,<18.<.5+5+:+=01,2 56+%,/KM,13&.%;@A (851,/&:.56
0 123456789 575 !"#$"!%&$'(')'*'+# '')('*''(+)('),)')'',)' )'-./0.1234'',)''') '(')'5+'*'0'(')'*'(4''') 6((''(')'-.720)8+''4 '6 ')'')8'('8('))'4)((
9: ; <= > ?@ABCABCD= D
$+E'4(''''6+64 (')#
8'))''''6'F')'*'((64')(6)' )('#8')'('+''$((6(# ('G'('++'''',)')'')'0 )8''(4,)'4)'*('')')
$''',)')')'))'('(6' 4((6)'))*(*'8'4'()'(''(
'$' 4'+E*'''4)'#
)4'',)')(''('(6'0))6
'4'(H'I05 )8''('('#
'()4''*''J'K''4'(''( '*(4'',)'+((8'*'')8')'8')#
)')0)('(6')'4'',)''*(+(( 8''')4)((6'('*5)'''
01234567
89 456246559 5
7 155 49 5249
!"#$%&!'()%&!*+,-.&/(!&01'%(!%'()%&!&!(2$$/
#)%'#%/(/&%&/%(!3'()%&!&!"#"3&!/1#&%%&! 4%/#"!%
*5(%'.671('%4'0 8&! %0(&!(!3&)'()%&!&!#)%'5&!!&! 4 /"'(#0%(#/9+,-&/&01'%(!%&!%'#)%')0&)(#1')////$)(/
5(%'#)%'#/&/9#)%'/!%/&/1')///:;<=(!3#)%')0&)(#%'(%>
0!%45(/%5(%':;?=9(0! %'/6@!4'%$!(%#9%+,-&!(2$$/
#)%'#%/(/('#(%&"##(' "'1%!%&(#(!3)!/2$!%#(/(! >
(%&"&01()%!%!' A)&!)4%1')///5'&%&/&!"#"36 B!)9!$0'$//%$3&/("8!)!3$)%38%%8%%'$!3'/%(!3
%0)(!&/0 4 !"#$%&!(!3%C!31%&0&D3#)%')(%(#/%/
4'%'()%&!6
7 E5129FG
0)(!&/0 4% !"#$%&!'()%&!(/8!/%$3&3%!>
/&"#"'%1(/%3)(3/90/%#&!'#(%&!%#)%')(%(#/%/3"#>
10!%4'5(%'#)%'#/&/6%%(#'()%&!&!"#"/%'(!/4'44$'
#)%'!/())'3&! %,26*H6;.I
HBJ+ +JKLBMKLN OPQ;RHHST *H6;.
?
0 123456789 567357666 !"" !#$ %"#&'# #" $ ()*+, -#-&./'(## )*0,12 3"" !#!4#- "
!54" "45%-4$%-4 $ 3 ## /461*17 !#! 8 9: " ;#-%<8 91'3%-4$
%-4 55448 9 "
4&"#4 /41 61*( $
#"#=5 4#8 9 " 48 99:
" &$ /4161*(1#%
"##5 %-4$%-49> # 1
&(
&(
/461*?@" %-4$%-4
&(## ! " !#!&($
"#4 9AB1B"5"
&()6C,&()6*,1D"-46C*C6C*ED#@-3 "!#-1
0121 345678955 !"# $!%&$"'!()%"'* + # "# , ("&% &!-',-'(./."% & )"'0"#&!".&!
#)''#&.(-1 2%"#34567
89+:* * +8:8;:< /=>=0
=* +8 * +:* :89+ /=>?0
=* + =* :+9 /=>@0 ) %/ ".,(#0 !"#"#&!$"' !,
"# #)''#&.(-A##"#&>34B67
89+:* * +8:8;:< /=>C0
* +8 * +:8;:< /=>D0
* +:89+ * ++8:8;:< /=>E0
* ++8 * :+9:8;:< /=>50 F(&! !"##)&".(G/."% & )"'. ".,(#0H-'
%"'"&#% $&%.#%(.&&! &-#&#)% >8$G%H-'
%"'"&"'% &! &-#&&&" !#(.& &."&!-''#
GG.& %&"&".#3==H=?6>I! !"# "GG"'&&"
-'"#")#&%&."J"'>=>=(H$!%#J"'>=>=")#&%&#&! !,
"##"GG"'.#%(.$&%."#K)"G&&&!#%#&."J"'>
=>4>
J"')%=>=7L !&" %%#&&"+MA% &" !"##/0 %-#&"F%+9"GG"'-.#%(.# "#./(0%!)#F%+9
"GG"'&&" -'>A%"&.$"&!%"##"% 3=?6>N-%"'!&
=O45L%"'%P&)%>
01 23456789 678468777
! "##!#
$ % &'()'*+,$-.
!--!) !!#,/-!)##!#
$ %$-!!-!##-0
!, -!-!!1-/!23)
$-! /!23)#-$!1$$%! !# ##!#$ %!1-1!#! 0 /!23&'(+,
45654 789:;<=:>;>8?@A@
2 -. !!B-!!!1
1!#C!,D)-$! !-
#!! -1,1-!1%!
#!! %!2EF,$#!$
! !$ #!1$#&'G+,
#!1$#$.! #!)1!#-
# !#HI-#$!!.",
".J$!1!1,/%#!1$#."
!.$$1!#!$!$-%
"%!,2!#)%#!1!
1!#-.$$#!$##-11!
-!%).-!##!#!!,J$!
1!1%1!#!1 1.!
!!11##!1!%#!1! )
K-!',(,
1 !%#!1$#!!#
!!1%)-F-23#/!23, D.!)
!##%!! $#!#.
! ,L$ )! $
$1!##$ 1!#-,2!
1!%!-#!#- )-!%!) )
!# ,J!#!.$#-#%! %MJN!#',*,
0101 23456789486888948688946764
!"#$%&#'$#()*#(+#,-&.#$(#&%(#&)/#&
,'0&($/(*#0 %/)#$(#&1$$/%%$)&/$2$&)#$(#&
#'&%%$)&/34 %$%$(#&)5'&(/6(+'0))#&
*#0 789 :#'-+(8;8<0%&:+0%$=#%(- >)/#&/(
&7?95'&(/6(+'0))#&*#0 7;@9:#'-+(88AB$).
CD C EF GHIJKLGMKNO IO KP KQKRO LGNKPIK KRO LGNSTU NIJVIGN
4+/'#)(#&&/#6(+#*#&0($/'#)(#&&#(+0($ ))((&W#)$%(#/'#)(#&/'&/)#&&0#**%(#)X&Y
%$/&(0'(X(+%#0'#)(#&X((#&X/'#)(#&(0X%&(
/&)(-&///(.)X)6$$)))((0($&/()'((0&(Z&
&$X$%(#/'#)(#&&/#6(+/'&/)#&(+&(%(#&(6&
(+))((&/(+$%(#$-(%#&)((&()((+''$/%#&/(#&) [#'())%+)$((%'0()X$)(%(-X+/&))X)*%(&)#&
&/6((&0-\%((+#6(+#*(+$%(#/'#)(]#6.X(+) '0()0-%#&)//(##*$))0'#(&%6(+#,/$%Y (#/'#)(#&#&(#&#,/))((^6($7A9)-&(+)_/&
#*Z^`a5^`)#$/)#$(#&$%(#%($-)()&/%#0'/(+#,-&.#Y
$(#&%(#&^B5'*#0&%6(+)0$%#0'#)(#&)#*'+-)%$$- 0,/#,/)4+6#2)+#6/&#/\&%&^B5 %($-(%'*#Y 0&%(6&(+)#$/)#$(#&&/'+-)%$$-0,/#,/)b+$(+
'*#0&%/'&/)#&(+$(.%#0'#)(#&^B5%(.(-)/*Y
*&(#&5^`(+&Z^`X()&&/%(#&(+(/)(&%(0($#&&
01 234567819 678468777
!"#$%$&'#( " )*+
% &$,!((-(, ./$(/"!(.(&$,$&
(!0,$("$!!$,$(,$&##!$1$&&/ ( #( ($!&,,$$&/,##!2#$%$&3&$,
" #!$,!($("!.!$&$,4$/"
.%#, 5((,$!!!$1&$!$,.(
#!$( !.!$&$,6.$!,#$%$& !$
5$& %#($&&/)*+3!474&$/ 3$(895$(
:4,,((!$!(($,(.(!.9
!$$( #!3!($(.( #! (!!&5!4;4 !&$( 93<&90.4,((!.!$9 #!($,9 (!$8;$( =4&$/(!&$( 3>$(!89?$!$(54
" ( " #! &$/!" !(!.!$9 #!($,9 (;,(!(!&$( ##!(",!" (,$!(
!$( #!,8(!!6 ;!&$( !!@!3,(&/ .&$ !,!(9A7BB( $(4$( !.($/#9 ,$&&/ #( (!(C,$(&/(#$; #!($( ,(
(!/
0121 34564578797 2
! "#!$%#&$'($!$)*$)+ ,*# $-.$) ,/,0
$*$!//1'(/ $233344( (5!!$$)26$)(/ $%#&$'($!
$)*$)+ ,*# $7689-.$/,,#* !:!&*/1(!*' ;(!'< /=!& ; ,*%/$ & !'!,$ 7>39-?'<(/$)( /=!& @)<&*/=0
!& (/*$)>3&!A*$(!*' =! $; #,) 4<*/'# !$;*( &''!$;
#$!$;)# (!$;%!=%<!$;(!$&%!* !$7>29-B)4*!(*<
# /1( ! 1/*4*/&#,$!//1 $!' $' -
? ! # & 1*$!'!C*&1&&&!$!D;!:'&!*/&E#= ;!
,*(!, &' (#1,$#*! :'' $/4*/&#,/$)*(
,)(!,' 7>69-F?G&G?H*4*/&#,&! (''*(/#$ &
# &! (!,/&#,$/* &,*(!,($ 7>69-
?F) '/%# & $),$!D,$)/&($*!'!%$$*! IJ* $
!$)K,',)L,''&'$*!4*!(*<'5'!%$$*! -.(/**0 ,$<* ;?F) ' /%# &!/$)*%$$*! #,) *,)*%' '!$)!#(; /&!#( &( !#(0!/%$$*! :'' ! #4*,4,!0
$/* 7>>9-M#*$)*(/*;?F) %!D $!$& ',$*/,$'< $ 1/*?NO !%/$),!&!,7>P9;#$*'7>Q;>R9&'5'!',$*/'<$ 7>S9- T )/:!M!#*6->;?F,% #!$%' ',$*/,$'< $1/*
?NO; 4,!''<:),/ !&*!$)$( ! (#,)(/*%#&$
&),,)4*$)!*!&!#( &*#$)!#(-U/:D*;'!5(/ $($' /=!& ;?F! /$D*< $%'#&*$),/&!$!/ *"#!*&1/*?NO-B)!
! 4,!''<$*#!,!&!, /'#$!/ 7>V9-
?F# &!%$$*! ! # #''<,$/*!C&!$/$)**/#4 I$#*' ( &!/=!&WXYZ;,)(!,'( &!/=!&W[YZ&',0
$*/,)(!,'( &!/=!&WNYZ7>89-B)**#(%*/1&!A*0
$ <$) ! */#$ $/4*/&#,[Y;* #'$!!&!A*$?F $*#,0
$#* 7P39-\*D!/# '<;NY: /'<# &1/*)!)"#'!$<%$$*! !,
!$: ,/ !&*&*'$!D'<=4 !D7P39;%#$$/&<NY! 4*1**&' / 1/*,/((*,!''5'!,'' %,# /1!$ *$*4#*!$<7>>9-B)! ! %0 ,# $)4*/&#,$!/($)/&!D %$$*,/$*/'/D*$)4*/4*$! /1$)
&4/ !$7>>9-NY ! *''<',$*/&4/ !$&$$!$!#( /& $ ,#**$& !$</13]Q^23(T,(_F1*/( ',$*/'<$$83^8Q`[ $)$
,/$! 3]P^3]S(/'K_aUFb?H&3]>^3]Q(/'K_aFc7>89-.$ )/#'&
%4/!$&/#$$)$$) ,/&!$!/ * !(!'*$/$)/ !$)C!,',0
$*/:!!4*/, ;'$)/#)$)'$$*4*/,& $)!)*,#**$& !$<;
01 23456789 678468777 !""#$"%&'()&*&*
*&+,&
-4./4.70712374185461..7677681.../
8))"#(#9#"#:)#;#)#)9
#:<#""##:&=9> ?)#9
#9"##:"))))"9)":)"#@
#:&
'9""##:"))#)")?9<#""#@
#:"))#9))9(9A"#)9#""#)#
#9;?:B#)9##""#&'9##)
"??#(9")))&B9""#% :)#9"?#))#:#C"?#9"?)%
""##:D+E&=9""##:") ")#?9"9)B#9&
'9%9;%> )##9#)"9#
""##:9#<#""##:&
:)"##:)?"")#"?"##:@
:))9# )99"9#:9 9
<#""##:&'9#"#9#);?:B# ())%F?)&B>GH#)""#
(?)()#:);#%#&I)F?#))) :);#%#F#)"9)")#9:)"@
##:"))&
JKLKM NOPQRSTUVWRXYZ
:)";#)#)B;##))))9
#:%:);#"))"9)>>[[>\
>&]9 !#);##<#"##")#> #)9@
:);#;"%))#9^(#;#:$=#:+&_,&
'9)> #(#?")##9%#:&
'9B"#%9)##%> #):#B(?F#$+&`,a !b+> > bc!b+d efg*h+ij $+&`,
0121 34564578797
!" #$ %&$'()'*'$
+,-!#.#%$ /012)&!$''%$ 3'4
01 23456789 678468777
!"#$%&'
%$()* )+, ,-##, ./0123&
%&'//3//4&
/3/5/0/%&04()* %
//678/2,
9%/0678/:'5%&
6(<;#04/4$'%$3/$%&/=
4&>?@A
678B?.7( 6(<;BC.8B ; DEF-G -H ,-I#
6//23341$
4/:2%$J33&/=
$%',K3/$'2&'/=
04%3&222':$
2&$% /&',L1678='
%&'+3=>6.7(#M@78#//, N:2$%&3. /$,O&, , #,N>6.7(#M@7812://304 &PQ13>?R@A
>6.7(#M@78 >6.7(#S(.#@8B.8 TQF-IG U ,--#
N>6.7(#M@V82:&2//304/=
&24PQ13>??@A
>6.7(#M@V8 >6.7(#S(.#@78B.8 TQFIGIR ,-#
4$3$PQ13$>6.7(#M@<80
1/:23,*0'/
3&+3223:+32$% 6(7,
WXYXW Z[\]^_`ab_a`c^
28de64fe68g687e 6(7'12%0%$4/ 3O&3,h,N6(72%/$%
/=/i3/3$J:2&%$6<8 />? @, N2$/:/$>6(M@ /&13/=&=&3/303/
0121 34564578797
!"#"#$%#!""!&#'&
$(#)!!#("%#""""&""*+,-./!!
+/ 0#*!+1-1/2+3/!&**+1-/2+/#**"&+-/2+&/
3"!!+1-4/2+/#"+-5/2"&+$/! "*+1-1/6 #&&
$# 789( !!#"$# :*!%
01 23456789 678468777
!"#$! !%$%&!$#!!'()$*+#!!
#%,$ $$!%,!%&"-%.#! $/ #/..! $ $#/%0/#
1/2%.3/&!45"%//&% 6789,!"##%$&%2.-
$:;# %&!$/$%!/<-!#=%&!!$$.1> ?@4
&%/<!,$!6)$*A9 $#
2$ $ $#/%0/#&%/<-.!%/"%#!%$&% $ / .!%.-!1"%/!%$%&B)C4!#%%$.- "!/! !!&%#
!'()$*+1$#!!4-#! .#!!67D9'()$*+# . !E.-%(
".0-#! .#!!,#%$#// # #/..! !0,! E -$/%&"-%.#!$!%,!F, .#%!//2%.3 /&!#679 G$..#! !%$%&!-#! .#!!##%,$$ 6789H$ //!%$!%!E -$/%&"-%.#!$!%,!FI <
$/J $$!&%$/! !%!,$$$%#$'()$*+$!6KL9 $/
6K:L9". $#67D9)%!,$$$, #&%$/!%<! #%$%#!'()$*+ E"%%M5C " !!$#%B)C#!/%&"-%.#!$!%,!
, #&%$/!%<. !E.-%$#! $!1 %$/7DN4F, #!/%&
%!,$$$, #&%$/!%<E-/"$/$!%$! !%$%$/!%$#
1#" ..-$!/$#!- $/!" !467D9O%,EF!'()$*+
#!!%&B)C #<$/< !/ $/, #P!/<-O! .67Q9F !/$6DK9F,%&%$/! !B)C #.!" #%$! $$ #/..!F R()$*+ $/"-%.#!
0121 34564578797 77871 !"#$%&'()*+#+* , -. */012345/ ! 6+!*/)/ *#..#!) #+# * $%
&'(7+!!89:.*, +# * *';<# +!='(</ ! 7* #*!) #:4** >. ? */*, +# * "#/#= ,! 45/*! */ "!!)="#.!"#$%&'(@
&C<D<EAB F&EGBF'(<AD<E(< F7';:ADBE< 7H42I:
)/ # 6 */ "#" *&GB%*?# %
*+ !4 J / #"'(<';<# *!#/ !
*#..# */= ,!)/*#..#!) # 4K%
#*?# .74 *.,*."&AB,&GB:.* *! 6+*
* / #"&GB*!#= #//"&AB4
5/ ! #!.)*!** # / !4 K* 6+ ! . !=&AB#,! + */
#= . !=* 45/ #= . !=* # * *,/
)/# *="#*" *7*#..#!) # :)/ # *="#"&GB7 =# "# .:/ ! 4; ? / ! #!.* 6+ # * .#=# .4
LMNMN OPQRSTUVW XYPZPQ[\XQRPWUQSZ]P^XVU[UXTST]\P]_Q`
[UXTUTSQU]UQPZPQ[\XZa[PV
94b5c7d458c
5/ /* "= * 6 +***!. ! #! */*, *.** ,* #!./#*?., #"e # 7+#!! !:#. */ , *.== * 0If34g.!h#)#=/01Hi183 *# /.#=/ "#"&'(?# ! !*,!
+#!.= # *"# / . #*.#" "/ =#)= +*45/ #=. // # " +**! ,/ e.*"
= * */#.=//* # 6j &'(4J!#!? khk /* !=/ "#"&'';)**.== * , g + ## !40113@
&(B &GBl < 7H428:
&GBlH;(' &'';lI;B 7H421:
&''; &'(l;Bl < 7H42m:
01 234567809 678468777
!"#
$ %& '($#)##
# *+,-./ *+,-0/1'2')34-+5,
+ !" &"6 7" *+,-./
7"6+8&% %&698" *+,-0/
# $$ # 81
# # $ 4:;5,
!"< #')=84:.5,> #<
$ &"' 22# '=
==) '24:05?))# 22 *@@@/ # %%82 ')AB,*+,-9/<*+,-;/=#
$281 # 2 ')AB,
*+,-9/1*+,-./ *+,-0/= 8,3 )2 %%8 *@@@/ 4::1:;1:CD;-51>### <
)' ,
E E 4;-5AFG $ #
= >H &" ###)= '=
>#$ %%8 %&$ *' #/,
*@@@/ $ ,
8=21 =( ) *-IJK 2,LGA/=
,
@ 1# M# >
$ 2# >#')1 #
#= >) 2 #) =#),N
22=$#2 2 #
# B$) >$ O#
2 '+,-,
PQR746ST4TUV8S639 N'$ # # =
# # J,J1=# $#
) # # $ %& ## 2
> ,
# =$ %& W'(#= 2 =X')Y# ,4;;5 <
# )')Z' ,4.C5 [ ,40\5@ $ &"
0121 34564578797 0
!!!"#$%&'!'!' ()*+,-./01-233405*-,46*05,7507*-1*8,7.90:;< =187*05+78>)0.?0@< ABCDEFGCDEHI JKLKMNLKOPPQRSTUVWWXKYZ[\ T]TUVXKYZ[\ ^_]PTI`aZC`bcde IfKSgKhigjdTOO^`ITUVkdXKYZ[\ TUVXKYZ[\ dVI`aClFam_kn^bcoe IYMNgdTTcRSTUOkVXKYZ[\ TUOkOXKYZ[\ ^_kPp^qla^^qlaC`bVpe INKiidTOoRSTUTTOkTUOXKYZ[\ TUTTOkTUOXKYZ[\ ^_lrIFa^^qla nIRkDlCbcQe qstMNMudTTPvwT]TUOXKYZ[\TUTTVXKYZ[\dTlrIFaI`bcVe qwxKGSdTOQRSTUOXKYZ[\ TUTOXKYZ[\ ddZC`aIvalrIFa _lFavmFbcOe mYsjiyfXMGGOPcdRSTUTTdVkTUdVXKYZ[\TUTTOkTUOXKYZ[\Ivbcce zj{iKGdTOcRST]TUOXKYZ[\ TUOXKYZ[\ ddZC`aIva ^^qla|vCbc}e ~MKOPPdRSTUVXKYZ[\ TUTOaTUOXKYZ[\ pTkPVI`aI`kAKYLa ^^qlaIvbcTe ZssaFMigsYY MGL_sOP}}kOPpcRSavwazITUTOdVk}UVXKYZ[\ TXKYZ[\ dVPTZC`aClFa|^qbcp}Te FKMSidTOTqCvOVTkdTTZ[\ OTkOVTXZ[\ QTClFlqCa|^mb}Oe juusNdTTTRSaqCvTUVkcXKYZ[\ OkQTZ[\ oVdOI`aZC`aClFb}de DhsGdTT}vwTkOXKYZ[\ TUO]OXKYZ[\ ddIfNKGKxKSalrIFb}oe RMuwGsGdTToR{aqCvOcTZ[\ TkOTZ[\ ZC`azMYtMGKiSMSjyb}Qe RMwYMGL IMNShNjfSOPpTkOPpczITUOXKYZ[\TUO]OXKYZ[\QTa}TlnCaIva^^qlbVdVQe RsSjSxjsNNsOPPTRSOTkppTUTdkTUVXKYZ[\ OTkpVI`bVVe RjYYMdTTQzITUVXKYZ[\ TUOXKYZ[\ ^_I`a^qlb}Ve ^KLNjwsiOPPpRSTUOkdXKYZ[\ TUTOkOUVXKYZ[\ pTI`b}ce ^KwYigjdTTovwTUVkQXKYZ[\ TUTVkVXKYZ[\ dVI`^qlaClFbVPe fMGdTOcqCvaR{OpTZ[\ pZ[\ opDIRaI`aClFb}}e wdTTdR{MYYKsLOpTZ[\ TkdTZ[\ oVI`alnCaClFb}pe
00 123456708 9567357666
!"#!$#
%$&'' & #!
!(%(' !!'%') *%+
',%!,-./0*')-..0(%
%(12"3*+'$45+'$(%+
(!#)6$*'(%%
!7%''$!(%
($&&!&18'/9'/:;<=#)
>?59:/'@AB4CD9:EF'@AB?4CD9:G'@AB>4CH) I!$,%!,(%&5JI '&
!%$$( KL$
8E)/MH%$8))H)
N$)-<90#%%'' 9:/'@AB?4CD ;9$@AB K/)E</:;9= #)45%
%$$%''
L!'%$$%(!$#%'+
')O%'' ( #$
%'-</0)4#1%''&(%
8!$#%%E,;,$&1%
PH!$(?4C'!%
!)?%''
!#'%!)
6QR5STU6R23TVU
O%(! &%@)
P-.<WX90%!%#%%)O(%
%!&%!P%)6
%!P!!$$
)OY!P&(%!
'&!P!#'%
')3'' &!!(Y%!PZ
D?KD[ ? 8E)/GH
E?DE?K D KDE? 8E)E9H
3(Y!P%%&(%%&
%#)O%#&L!
%$('#%'%%
0121 34564578797 02
!"
#$%$#%&'(!
)*+",$
" $
-"$"-*
"#$$
&+*./012""%% $$&'(
+%31415
%% %%% ""6 /70238,319:5311;55*#%$+
%)*++$"8,
31195*$#""38,311155<
/&?@A=>B'(@=A(@ B3')5=A@235C)>3,5C@
/&?@A@D=> B&DE>B'(@=A@D(@ B3')5=A>D@ 235 31195
1&E>35C1')@35C1)>3,5
&=>35C&(>3,5C1)('3,5 31115
#353,5,"*"+
.""F#&(>"
*&(>$% %""#
&=>"38,311455+
F$"
&=>35C&(>3,5C1)('3,5
1&E>35C1')@35C1)>3,5 31145
)#+*% %"F"$
$"-$3+5#
"F%#
G/712*"$%
&'($H"F$
$"&'')I$H"*
"%"#
$ %*JKK/L72
$%H")#+*
01 234567809 678468777
!
!"
# $%&&! %
! ' () !$ &&&*&&* ! +,"-./012$13$4567
' ((8958:9; ' ):9,8)( +,",</
' ((8958: ' =:9,8)( +,",>/
-
,' ()9-
,' ):9,8: ' =:98)( +,",3/
' =:9; ' ): +,",1/
?@A@B CDEDFGHIJKLMNJMHO
P ! Q !!R ! 5",$*
! &R! ! Q !!R S"
TR SRQ !!R! !&& U "' S&Q !% S!0<4$4<6
! ! Q ! &"
V ' () Q !%04>$436$*
!!0<3$4<$41W4.6"P %$' ()S !R&! &&R! X!
!"TY &RSY Q !$
% * &!R&!!&R %Y Q !"T*&&RZ&"*
!Q ![U' () RY 04<6"
P * S SRQ !!R
& &R &!"' SU !' )(= % &&R' =(\* ! &
*0<3$41$44$.26"8 !$&!&&*]&
! ] &R &UU ! &%&R"# &&*U $Q !' ()&R&%
*^*&& $*&&!' )(=$' =(\ ' ((8"
TQ !R& &&* _,"40<36"
T %Q !!' ()!
^ &R
0121 34564578797 0
!"#$%&&'()*%#+$
,!&-.()* & !%%"! /01234 !"! 5&6
01 234567809 678468777
!"" #$ %
$ # !&' ($$ ## ) #"
$*+ !&,*""$ !# )$+- ")$
- ./$&0&12&3!! $"-4* $5*+6 #+- ")$ !!)$7)* #*""$&
3!$+7$ )"-48%9$! $*""$*$($
!$ #+- ")$$ 4$!!+%
!.:;2&'5*+! # 8%9*+"$$<
:7") $/$)0&=>?&@$*$"5*+! #8%9 7" $* !"--$<) =A4=0&B)"$
"&# )+6+ $$ 7-$* ) #+- ")$
$ $ *""$*$(4/$)0&AC>?&'*$"
+6++ ($*"-DED!*FG# ) $+ #:4
+6 ! #$$ +! * ) #+- %
")$$ &')45*+! ! +-!) *$
* ) #+- ")$+&3!$ 74*) "
# )7)*+ )* ## +%
$ $!*$ ($>1&H$"8%9$ +$ $!)!)4
7)* #!* ) #+- ")$
$!&')4$#$+6+ $$ $$!! !$)*
# !" # 8%9&
@7"$<5*+! #9I+ $"$) >14?D4?E4??4=J&B)"$"&>1+ 5*+! #! **!$"
K%9I*+"8%9I $-+$"*"! *+ $$ #94/$&0&AA.2.2+!$7"-&'5*+! #
*$" $!"K%9I*+" $-L"&?E./$)0&A02 *" #B)"$"&4)$$"-*" #8%
9./$&0&=2&L"&" 7+6# *$1JJ!*FG
$"+ ) $7$9&'-)
$) # *$ #+4)!8%9I4!) #
*"$$"$- #* ($&'$$$!! !$
8%9I5*+!)* $-B)"$"&>1&L)!$)*
"&??+ 5*+!)* #K%9I*"$ #IM
" $)$ # *$ #IM)$!N)$$$ #+!&O+$P"&?D+ 5*+!)* #9I
N)$$*$" !N)$# K%9I-B)"$"&>14 H$O*$=J+ +!)* *"$- # + +!&,! !")$ 4N)$"$!+!$
$5*+! #9I&
0121 34564578797 0
!"#$%&'()*+,-$./
-0$%,#1$0$+,,2003 "456 78 9"456:;7#$22%$ <=>?+,#$%$ @01
01 234567809 678468777
!"#$ % &'( $%))! * !
"(+!")*+,$-.!",/+) '"
012 34#,&*&!$ 5678'",$)) !$ 9+/
:"#$ ),*!2 33; &),+/& <=%> &=*>!
"? &0$&@* )),*(+/57A8:") $ '"
"#$ ),*% &%/&B ")56CDE68:"),*$ ! 2 F3G)+) *+&& <=> &)* )) '""#$
),*$ !2 F3G% &%/"")56CD778D)+)
=&>:"$,*!) ""+),')++)& <
=&>D'"012 33;")% ,++/ )!$&2 F3G%/""
*&%/"+)
H,*) "+*+/* +)* %"$)&#$ ),*1 IJ))+," )*"*K&%/ ),L)+"+/ ,)(!E7*$MND && )$+)) )$&),,O1
$+/6PDC &*$MN5EP82 4Q )+ ),) )"O1 J*$,+O=52 =;43>R84Q>:")*$,+O&),+/)'L% &
)+"+/,)(!<P*$MN5EP8
0121 34564578797 0
!"!#$%&'#'(
)*+,-./%'&0*+,-./%& 12*+-,/$%$&3+.-4 !$$"! 567893 !"! :1;
!"%&'#'(+,-./<=>%'&$/
$9/?= !$$"! 5@A893 !"! B3 :1!31C!(
01 23456789 678468777
!"#$%&'()!! $* +,-.'/(%$$ 01* ,,234 5.'#( $61* ,,234 5. 7 '7(73 445"%7#7&%89:;<$)"!!% &%=)>?#$%#)#?
@%#$A
0121 34567849767968 67485 95776869466984497649744784 5786989
!"#$%&'()("#*+,%-.#,.*/0(#1++"+)*2./+3%.#%&3/%0+-+3&,%$.".4 5"67$"1.-(%+)+3$&) 8*9 : ;<=>?@AB;CD("3$"E).2FGHI69 ?@;D<
9.J+K+-B$"#$%&'()("#*+,%-.#,.*/0(#".%1++"+)*2./+3%.$"K+#%$L(%+
%0+-+3&,%$."".-%0+3+*.#$%$.".45"67$"(,$3$,)+3$&)<M0+5"67
#%&3$+3$"1.-(%+)+3$&) J(#+2+,%-.3+*.#$%+3(%,."3$%$."#+N*+,%+3%.
*-.3&,+OP5"678Q5RP*-.3&,%$."B#++#+,<=<S<=><T&-%0+-).-+B%0+5"67
$"K+#%$L(%+3$"I69J(#+2+,%-.3+*.#$%+34-.) (5"U6V#.2&%$."<!"1.P -(%+)+3$&)BR+5$#0)(+%(2<?;CD.1#+-K+3".,0("L+#%.%0+'()("
#*+,%-((,W&$-+33&-$"L-+3&,%$."&*%.(*.$"%J0+-+(225"67P-+2(%+3
*+(X#3$#(**+(-+3BJ0+-+(#Y+-"(-3+%(2<?@AD.1#+-K+3#.)+,0("L+#$"
%0+$"%+"#$%/.4%0+*+(X#3&-$"L-+3&,%$."<Z+(X#-+2(%+3%.5"6698T$L<
=<ES>J(#".%.1#+-K+33&-$"L-+3&,%$."1/+$%0+-L-.&*B".-1/[.#%.2(("3
\+(K+-?@;D3&-$"L-+3&,%$."$"I69<9.J+K+-B%0+2(%%+-(&%0.-#,2($)+3
%0(%%0+(**+(-(",+.4(1("3(%]E^,)GHJ(#-+2(%+3%.5"6694.-)(P
%$."(#("$"%+-)+3$(%+1+4.-+4&-%0+--+3&,%$."%.5"869>7<
_` a bc defgc hfij j klminj eofhpeg
R$)+"#$."(22/#%(12+(".3+#8Rqr#B(2#."()+3)$N+3)+%(2.N$3+(".3+#>
J+-+$"K+"%+31/Y++-$"%0+E;Cst#?;AB;@D<M0+$"K+"%$.",()+%.1+J0+"
Y++-3$#,.K+-+3%0(%%$%("$&))+%(23$3".%3$##.2K+(".3$,(22/B1&%-(%0+-(
*(##$K(%$"L2(/+-.4M$67J(#4.-)+3(%%0+#&-4(,+<M0&#B%$%("$&)$#$3+(2 (#("$"+-%1(#+)+%(24.-(".3+#(#$%$#*-.%+,%+34-.) ,.--.#$."3&-$"L .*+-(%$."1/%0+*(##$K+2(/+-<F(%+-B.%0+-K(2K+)+%(2#0(K+(2#.1++"
,."#$3+-+38M(Bu-("3U1?;;D><M0+1(#+)+%(2$#,.(%+3J$%0()+%(2.N$3+
*-.K$3$"L+2+,%-$,(2,."3&,%$K$%/("3+2+,%-.,(%(2/%$,(,%$K$%/%.J(-3#%0+
3+#$-+3(".3$,-+(,%$."<q$",+$%#3$#,.K+-/BRqr#0(K+L($"+3J$3+#*-+(3
&#+$"%0+,02.-P(2X(2$$"3&#%-/J$%0(,.(%$"L,."#$#%$"L.4'&67("3M$67<
9.J+K+-B#&,0(,.(%$"L$#".%*(-%$,&2(-2/#&$%(12+4.-.N/L+"+K.2&%$."
$"(,$3$,+2+,%-.2/%+#B#&,0(#$"v$",+2+,%-.J$""$"LB3&+%.%0+$"#%(1$2$%/
.4'&67&"3+-%0+#+,."3$%$."#?EssBEsED<w"3+-%0+2(%%+-,."3$%$."#B(
,.(%$"L,.)*-$#+3.4(-.&"3Asx!-67("3SsxM(76y$#L+"+-(22/-+L(-3+3
%.3$#*2(/(".*%$)&) $"*+-4.-)(",+("32$4+%$)+?EBEs=D<
Rqr+2+,%-.3+#(-+&#&(22/*-+*(-+31/%0+-)(23+,.)*.#$%$."<M0+#&1P
01 234567819 678468777
!" #
$%&!' !() !&*
+$,-%.#/.%.(
"!&(�&"1& !& &
"!"&!#$& &
(% ' .&" .
. ! #23
! )%. .+
&"1& ! )"% '+#
$%%( (%(%)##
!.! % !.&(+(405
#6(1& !%(.%)(6,- 7&,-+% !.!%"8*
%)##$-,9$,-0,-:,-+%.
(%(%(.%*
)##.&(+&(
;<=#5%".7&,-&" &
1&(,>7 !#?&&
(1& !"6,-.%;<@A=#6
3%(&%!&
&%%"3.! %%&
(&% && !( "& % B !&(&% & "%%8 . %(&&(405 "
% !." . ! !&
(,>7 !!#
$ (%(%(405 C !"!
(%"& "!.&* (;<=#$&"% &
(.%DE& (% % !
.&((;FF<@GH<@I=#J&%1& ! (E&"!( .!(&
)( + .*
1&&%"( !D( !#
J ! %&)%+(. %"
(% (%(#5 3 %*
&%&(6,-*$-,9""
% !.&(% *
%&;<@K=#J&%&.3
0121 34567849767968 !"# $%"$&%% '"
() #")'*"+, -$%"./01/2345(6"1 # 7"" ( %8
#$&9 $(% $% #" '")%" $#)
"'$9 ./:34* 1$( % $% #" '"%
"'$"' $%)$")% 91)'%" 9)"6&
)% 9 "'$9 )9)"" $6$ 94; #)"
%"%'#69"' $%)$")% 96 $(% $% #+
" '") "./<=34))") 1 )9)"% $%
#" '"%"& $9"() "9%%'"1"'$9 "'%
)$%"%)#% $$& %6'" % " ./<>1/<?345%1 %#"#
($%"% $&% %6&1$%"%)#% $$& %6'" % "
$# %)6 "# % $% #" '".//<34
,)$#@A;$%"6"&#" "# '" $"%+
61 "%'$ "$&'))9)%@A;$%"%# "$
$%") "&% $$&'"BC %%$' &4D+
E'$&1#" '" )$'"#%) #@A;$%+
") ))% 9%# )" " "%'"
% #F"#"6$#)$%"4! "$$ $4.///3 '99)$$(9$$'"#%) #",G*"+, -$%+
""BC %%'$) + $%"$&HI J 6 ) '" 1IJ% 9%'#1I%J% 9 %)#1IJ#%) % $ # 91 IJ #K#%) #4 6 )'" I J
"$ '$' "$&%'%9$ &", )" % ()'" )% 91"'$9 '%"
)$%" $4,)"9$&"$ )#$&%'""
&.///34 6 )'" % #K$#&
$&9 "$ &"()'" )$%"% $&%% + 9.//L1//034D 9%'#IJ% '& & %""
) %6%#)% 94,)" % 9%'#
# & %%$" 6"#'")$%"$&I "%'$ "$&
"9 %%#'J"# $%#$K()% 9%4D 9
%'#)" ()&C'" "$&'% 9"BC4
;$)'9)C'#" %6( "BC ) *"I%4 M94 L40J1 C'%""#"E'%8$&'"# C'N) $6)
$%"$&.//21//:34*" $%""1' #'%)$("" ) C'./<<1//O34,)%""" *"'"9BC )
" " "' #'%))9)"" #")') %"& $$*"4 ,)%" $'" #")'%# "%"& $$I"'$J
*") "' P"%BC#%) # ()"$ %
01 23456789 678468777 !"#$%&'()'*+),-,.'/0/0/
1..,!.2,3,-,,.-"..!.,"
! .,..!",..,!/4" -"-5
-,. ,"..!,.$67
,.,,"..!",2,- ".8 ,..3/9.!
,",..,!."..!"-../:! , ; ".<=.!,..2,-.;.!
,,> ",.3.,.!>.!",!5 ),:., ;.!<=&00?+/<".!)."
!!;.!.,",".;!.2//@)A3
. ...!BA9 ,!C,..!.
.!,.&000)00D+/$).!",!BA9,- , )-".;!"..!,., . . ,".!,.,-. ./
01234567
85419
7 546915 226406428 692 25 08
!"#$%&'% () *+%,$ !-%%./&),0$+%.$.1+$'2 %3$1
# $".$4'5" ""%.2$. +!.%.6 4'.*!6%4'% ( *+1
%$+#%+' 7+$#'%.!'+*5$" !"#$%+$2.%+89"".$4' 7 $3+6 !# 4'% ( *+%#$ !-%%./&),0".!!2*5" #%++
"%.2+% !##!.*#%+' 7$.%$ ! 3%''#89"5! :$.2 !7
!.+$++!6%4'% (7$+5$"%. !7%%"+$7;+<$2' =8>8?.
% .%$.23!%2$+%@@$7-5."5! !7+%'+$.2"$:.++
+"% 76! #%$!.!6"/?91'04'% ( *+%7'!"!.3 +@$(!1 $A8B"." *+%$+!+$%$.2%$+ +!.%.6 4'.*%
+%.7$.2+"% %!'+$5%3$+2. %7%+$'+ %7$."'@@ @%
!6<$28=8>-89"5%3.2"!6"%!'+$5%3$. %++5".#%++
$+7@!+$7%" !7%+$'+ %7$."!5 @% !6<$28=8>-8 C.;%7 %+$.6 4'.*$+!-+ 375".#%++$+7@!+$7%"
!7;%.7!.3 +*"6 4'.*$. %++5"."#%++7 %++8 D.7 $7%!.7$$!.+;""%.2$.6 4'.*!6%&), %.- %7
!"#%++"%.2!6" !7" !'2""E%' - *4'%$!./=8>0F GHI JKHMLGN
O/PQRQ0STLIJ)UGN
O /=8>0 5" GH$+"#%+' 7"%.2$.6 4'.*;HM"6 4'.*!6"
=V
01 234567809 763
!"#$%& !"'()*+,-.
- )-,/,,)0/-123,!-"*+,,.
-*+,-)123,!-"!3 -*!4) ,0/!-),!--)*+,,-") )5-,,6,!--!0 ,-- 1-3*+")12 3,!'7+-"0)+*,,- * 89:%+3)99;<*-
%)*!(3
123,!+*,,)-6=> )*,,)-6? )+2.
!/6@A),-,/3 (3B-6CD)
"-,3-"ED),)*"!, 12)(31- /!",/!-"-,)/*F)"+,"*,,*, "6-*!3","-"-!*+")*,, ) 3,!0)-;G )3,!*,,,-,""89:
)*6),)!"-,!+0-)12-") -
*!&/6)(31-",-5--) --0)!1"--0))3,!60)),+1,
#$%&H-6,**-+!)#$%& 0)0!!
"I-""+,--,),++*!"+,-I-"*
,!/! ),-,/3 @A
#/- !-)3,!),/! ,))-)
*,, )"+,)*3-J-)*," 1-3,-!89:
(* - )!1")- ,K+"-)
*," 1-3%-,1-!36!1"++"-+,), I!* 0))))-,,*3/,! 1-3,))- K+" <""-!!36",+--"",+- !!3,+, ), *3,/"0)#$%&)*6))*,,
0121 345467898 0
! "
#$%&'!( )! ((
$ ! !
%*' ( ! (+
! "','
(!"'($ %-'
($ .$( ! $((
)( ! "!%
/()! (0123 )($ 4(
4 5 6440"%78%9:;
<=>?@A
B C B
DEFB GHI
J CI
GHF 78%9:
/'( !(7<=KB:$ $
( 7*:(() ! L
! 7:'( (!$73:(
! " ) $$%
MN O PQRQSTUVWXYZ[WZU\
]($ $$!) $ $
!$%*! " ( L
!($)^_ $ ^() ! $ ')
$ ( ! ()($7%%)
() !(:%*$ )
%]($ $")! L
( ($) '
!4 4.7($ *! $L
$:`a9bc%/4) ! 4 .
$ $ (!]($ $$ (
(!"%
3 ((($ ]($L
$%d) ($ #)
) $ !%
e) # $(4 4 '
" $'5 8%9%/
(f.']Lf. ' $%]
01 234567809 763
!"#$# ###
% &$&!'(&# &# )#(*+,- (.!&! $!( /!
#$# '&0$!#!& 1223% $&
& 4(5 #$&!6!!6!
##7 ($.!8!&)
#9:!-9:#. &;<-
9:#) 9:#)
#!$ =#.' !(=#!;!
=#!.' .'!<&! '.;0&$##$(!$!#79:!-9:8
#% (! #)#(;%. !#
#! !"& #! >#;
#( .!6 &. #(#!$ -
% %!% ##!$
0&$##$(
<# ##80&$##$(-$ % 5 &&# &# &%
?@0<'#!'( &$; %
0121 345467898 0
!"#$ $ %"%&! '())*
&++,-./0$$
1203304 2&45607 $3 608$ ! $0"$ $ %%3 003&%3 !60&
33033%3 3 3%$ 05
! 3% !3%03! $3%$
%0303&9&$ &%& 312034!
303&$&45! $$3$ %0&&2$7++:8
;24 $ 054&$&45"%$ $ %5!3$3 3% 0<405 !3 0$0&324 3 = 4&532 1>5 4&$40! 3%$0 4$> &23 335"$2?$= % 40 42004$7 24 8 &605@$0&3%A
$ !7"$284$ $=03"
$2 3& &$&%& 3$50$0 % 3$335 !"%> $A
01 23456789 763
!" # "$%!"
!! &'!()
$* +","+
!+!-..."/01-2-3$
4" 56"'!+$
7+ !
$%"! ""!!
!'!!" !!"
$4!"",8!)
"!6"9 "
9!$
:; : <=>=?@A BC>A DBDEBFGH =C>A DB@=GICBA J@
K!"""!
" !$%"!
5+",L!5
!$M!!!"""
5 !$N
!" !+"+!5$
O!P!Q$R$
755"+&5(
&(7!!$ & (S5!$
P!Q$RL7!!5!$
0101 234356789478839478639876
!"#$
%&'#!$' ( !(!$
!)(!*"!!+,! !(!$
% -.( !'$!' !
(!*"!!$'( /!!!*"
#01%)2%2+ )2%3+,("456278 9:;<=>)6?@+ABCDEBC
FEBC GEBC )2%2+
9:6H;<=>)6?@+ABCDEBC
2FEBC GABC )2%3+
IJ! !!,K '#
!$",L /!!M,N#O!!,P
'!' F !$ (! '%
Q.( #!",(!(
!$%R!",*! /!
S!!!"(%-(!*'.''#$! ((!*.( $!' /!!($)*"
#T!1!+,'*! /!!! %
U'!1!"# " # !'.''
.( $!'($!' /!
!!45627%-*"01%)2%V+ )2%W+$!! (!*"!,("8
9C
9CX :5YZV36 G[GX
\5].(^
]5Y6VW3)G[GX+_`C
)2%V+
9C
9CX :5Y66V3 G[GX
\5].(^
]6Y22Wa)G[GX+C_`C
)2%W+
9X GX '!(! *!'.''
,("%-1!(! b
'!(!c*2%V%0.(' #!'( !
"! !"!''%