Mineral potential and on-going activity in Fennoscandia
Pekka A. Nurmi, PhD, Prof.
Director, Science and Innovations Geological Survey of Finland
with contributions by
Pasi Eilu, Kaj Lax, Henrik Schiellerup
Aitik Copper mine; photo Boliden
The Nordic Countries Offer Great Opportunities on Top of Europe
• Norway, Sweden and Finland are located in an ancient shield area, similar to Canadian and Australian shields
• Active major mines
• Fennsocandian Shield is yet under-explored
• Potential for many commodities:
base metals, ferrous metals, gold, platinum metals,
high-tech metals (In, Li, Nb, REE, Sb, Ta, Te,...),
industrial minerals, diamonds, …
Major deposits in Fennoscandian Shield
Current Exploration Interests in Fennoscandia
Au,Ni,REE
Au, Co,PGE
Ni,Au
Au,Cu,Grf
Au,Cu,Ni,Zn
Au,Li,Ni,Zn
Au
Au,Cu,PGE Cu,Au,Ni,PGE
Cu,Zn,Au
Ti
Cu,Zn,Au,Be
REE,Nb,Cu,F,P
Cu,Zn,Au
Cu, Au,REE,Grf Cu,Au
Cu,Zn,Pb REE
GTK 2016 4
Why to Explore in the Nordic Countries?
• Significant potential for new discoveries
• Excellent geodata and infrastructure
• Long mining tradition, know-how and services
• Strict but clear mining and environmental legislation
• Moderate exploration costs
• Favorable and secure investment environment
• Low corporate tax
• Downsream industry and proximity to major markets
Mines &
Projects Resource Company
Tellnes 100 Mt TiO2 (ilmenite) Titania
Ørtfjell 200 Mt Fe Rana Gruber
Skaland 600 kt C (flake) Skaland Graphite Nussir 700 kt Cu, Ag, Au Nussir ASA
Engebø 6 Mt TiO2 (rutile) Nordic Mining
NORWAY
Major mines and exploration highlights
Tellnes TiO2
Plus numerous mines in carbonates, silica, olivine, and nepheline syenite
Ørtfjell Fe
Engebø TiO2
Nussir Cu Skaland graphite
Nussir – the largest copper deposit found in Norway
Nussir: JORC compliant 66 Mt @1.16 % Cu, 0.13 g/t Au, 18.4 g/t Ag
Ulveryggen: JORC compliant 7.7 Mt @ 0.81 % Cu Granted permit to deposit tailings into the local fjord
Engebøfjellet
rutile/eclogite deposit
154 Mt @ 3.8 % TiO2
Sweden
Major mines
Mine Resource Company
Kiruna 455 Mt Fe LKAB
Malmberget 240 Mt Fe LKAB
Aitik 5.7 Mt Cu, 11 Moz Au, 95 Moz Ag Boliden Garpenberg 3.8 Mt Zn, 1.7 Mt Pb, 60 kt Cu, 1.2
Moz Au, 403 Moz Ag Boliden
Zinkgruvan 2.2 Mt Zn, 0.9 Mt Pb, 0.2 Mt Cu,
72.5 Moz Ag Lundin
Mining Kristineberg 0.9 Mt Zn, 31.5 Moz Ag, 0.1 Mt Cu,
0.3 Moz Au, 75 kt Pb Boliden Renström 0.5 Mt Zn, 41 kt Cu, 100 kt Pb, 0.6
Moz Au, 31 Moz Ag Boliden
Kankberg 0.6 Moz Au, 1.6 kt Te Boliden
Björkdal 0.7 Moz Au Mandalay
Gruvberget 21 Mt Fe LKAB
Maurliden 58 kt Zn, 7 kt Cu, 5 kt Pb, 74 koz Au,
0.26 Moz Au Boliden
Kiruna
Malmberget
Garpenberg Zinkgruvan
Aitik
Lovisa
Björkdal Maurliden
Gruvberget
Kankberg Kristineberg
Renström
Exploration highlights
Sweden
Project Resource Company
Laver 2.3 Mt Cu, 3.9 Moz Au, 106 Moz Ag Boliden
Norra Kärr 190 kt REO, Pre-Feasibility Study Tasman Metals Viscaria 609 kt Cu; Open at depth; Scoping
Study; Exploitation Permits Avalon Minerals Fäboliden 743 koz Au; Exploitation Permit Dragon Mining Nautanen 227 kt Cu, 329 koz Au,
2.6 Moz Ag Boliden
Storuman 2.8 Mt Fluorite; Exploitation Permit Tertiary Minerals Leveäniemi 145 Mt Fe; Exploitation Permit LKAB
Mertainen 136 Mt Fe; Exploitation Permit LKAB
Kallak 41 Mt Fe Beowulf
Vindel-
gransele 145 koz Au Botnia
Exploration
Norra Kärr Fäboliden Storuman
Vindelgransele Laver
Mertainen Leveäniemi Viscaria
Nautanen Kallak
Source: Boliden.com
Porphyry Style Deposit
Grid: 500 m
Measured Resource: 1.1 Mt at 0.20% Cu, 0.11 g/t Au, 18 g/t Mo Indicated Resource: 512.4 Mt at 0.22% Cu, 0.13 g/t Au 36 g/t Mo Inferred Resource: 550.6 Mt at 0.21% Cu, 0,10 g/t Au, 33 g/t Mo
Laver
GTK 2016 11
High
proportion of heavy REE
Source: Tasman Metals
500 m
Norra Kärr
Probable mineral reserve: 23.6 Mt at 0.592 % REO
Mine Resource Company Kittilä Mine 7.8 Moz Au Agnico-Eagle Kevitsa 765 kt Ni, 1 Mt Cu First Quantum
Kemi 42 Mt Cr2O3 Outokumpu
Talvivaara 4.5 Mt Ni, 10 Mt Zn Terrafame Pyhäsalmi 100 kt Cu, 280 kt Zn First Quantum Siilinjärvi 61.5 Mt P2O5 Yara
Kylylahti 67 kt Cu, 170 koz Au Boliden
Finland
Major mines
Siilinjärvi P Kemi Cr
Pyhäsalmi Cu-Zn
Kittilä Au
Talvivaara Ni
Kylylahti Cu,Zn Kevitsa Ni
Finland
Exploration highlights
Project Resource Company
Kittila New lode 650 koz Au;
Deposit open at 1.9 km depth Agnico-Eagle Sakatti Included in the 2016 core
portfolio of the company Anglo American Suhanko 9.5 Moz Pd, 2.4 Moz Pt Gold Fields Rompas–
Palokas 6 m @ 617 g/t Au;
9.0 m @ 10.2 g/t Au Mawson Resources
Sotkamo Ag 11 Moz Ag in reserves Sotkamo Silver Kaustinen 114 kt Li2O Keliber
Hammas-
lahti 5.6 m @ 3.2 % Cu;
3.5 m @ 11.5 % Cu FinnAust Mining
Rompas Au
Kaustinen Li Sotkamo Ag
Kittila Au extensions
Hammaslahti Cu,Zn
Suhanko Pd Sakatti Ni,Cu
Sakatti
Included in the core portfolio of the company as one of the "long term growth projects"
(AngloAmerican media release 16 Feb 2016)• Discovery 2009
• 134 holes drilled
• >1500 long Cu-Ni-PGE deposit
• High grade
• Mafic-ultramafic host
Source: AngloAmerican
0.20 % Cu cut- off envelope
Rompas–Palokas
Source:
Mawson Resources
500 m
25 m
• Discovery 2012
• 5 km long mineralised trend
• 77 short holes, total 2700 m
• 6 loger holes, total 1300 m
• Ongoing drilling: geochem,
IP, condictivity targets
The Finnish Network for Sustainable Mining
• Founded in 2014, as the forum for dialogue and cooperation between the mining industry and its key stakeholders (NGOs, reindeer herders, landowners, labour unions and mining companies)
• Active and constructive cooperation
• Creates: tools, indicators, management and evaluation systems
• Toolbox for local actions for mining and mineral exploration companies
• Finnish TSM (Towards Sustainable Mining) sustainability standard for mining
• Standard for mineral explaration under preparation The Finnish mining industry and its key stakeholders gathered in May 2014 at the Tytyri mine in Lohja to discuss initial plans to establish the Finnish Network for Sustainable Mining.
Welcome to meet us at our Booths!
Booth 405 Booth 542
Booth 409
