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Studio Apertura, NTNU Samfunnsforskning, Norway. E-mail: [email protected]
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1. Introduction
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,QWHUQDWLRQDO UHVHDUFK RQ XVH RI VLPXODWRUV WRGD\ KDV IRFXVHG RQ KDYLQJ D OHVVRQ LQ D Proceedings of the 29th European Safety and Reliability Conference.
Edited byMichael Beer and Enrico Zio
Copyright c 2019 European Safety and Reliability Association.
Published byResearch Publishing, Singapore.
ISBN: 978-981-11-2724-3; doi:10.3850/978-981-11-2724-3 0216-cd 3518
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1.1Driver training in Norway
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3.1 Limitations
1 The learner driver would not use it.5HJDUGLQJ WKLVFDWHJRU\WKHGULYLQJVFKRROVZKRDFTXLUHGD VLPXODWRUEXWGLGQRWXVHLWDQ\ORQJHUDOOVDLGWKDW WKHPDLQUHDVRQIRUWKLVZDVWKDWWKHOHDUQHUGULYHU ZRXOGQRWXVHWKHVLPXODWRU,WZDVH[SODLQHGWKDW WKHOHDUQHUGULYHUVGLGQRWVHHPZLOOLQJWRSD\IRU DOHVVRQLQDVLPXODWRUZLWKRXWDQLQVWUXFWRUZKHQ WKH\ FRXOG KDYH D OHVVRQ LQ D FDU ZLWK DQ LQVWUXFWRU )XUWKHU LW ZDV VDLG WKDW LW ZDV YHU\
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3.2 Opportunities
1 Less stressful learning environment for the learner driver.7KRVHZKRXVHGDVLPXODWRUWRGD\
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VHFWLRQFRXOGFDXVHPRUHVWUHVVDQGLUULWDWHGURDG XVHUVLQWKHYLFLQLW\%\EHLQJIDPLOLDUZLWKWKH YHKLFOHSULRUWRWKLVLWZDVVDLGWKDWWKHVWDUWZLWK DFDURQWKHURDGZDVPRUHUHOD[HGDQGDEHWWHU RYHUDOOH[SHULHQFH$QH[DPSOHRITXRWHVLQWKLV UHJDUG ZDV“Learner drivers who are nervous would feel safer by trying it in a simulator first, before entering real life traffic” DQG “the systematic and automatic skills you are supposed to learn are difficult when you are tense and anxious´
2 Can choose to spend more time on levels 3 and 4 in a car.,WZDVHPSKDVL]HGWKDWWKHWUDLQLQJRQ OHYHOVDQGZHUHWKHPRVWLPSRUWDQWLQRUGHUWR VHQGVDIHGULYHUVRXWRQWKHURDGDIWHUFRPSOHWHG WUDLQLQJ :LWK D GULYLQJ VLPXODWRU LW ZDV H[SHULHQFHGWKDWWKHUHZDVEHWWHUWLPHWRXVHRQ WKHVH OHYHOV +HUH WKH LQVWUXFWRU FRXOG KHOS WKH OHDUQHUGULYHUWRUHIOHFWDQGPDNHJRRGFKRLFHVLQ DFDURXWLQWUDIILFUDWKHUWKDQVSHQGLQJPRUHWLPH RQ PRUHEDVLFOHYHOV $QRWKHUEHQHILW ZLWKWKLV ZDVWKDWDVDQLQVWUXFWRULWZDVPHQWLRQHGLWZDV PRUH LQVSLULQJ WR JXLGH WKH OHDUQHU GULYHUV RQ OHYHOVDQGWKDQOHYHO7KXVWKHLUZRUNGD\
EHFDPHPRUHLQWHUHVWLQJ“The fact that I can use the simulator more on level 2 means I do not spend time to sit in the car with learner drivers to do that, which makes my workday more pleasant […]when I get to teach more level 3 and 4, I enjoy my work much more than teaching basic starting and stopping a vehicle”
3 Less hours on the road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“Yet also as a supplement to save money for the learner drivers is an important part of it. If they spend 10 hours in a simulator, they might save 3-4 hours in a car”. $GGLWLRQDOO\ WKLV TXRWH H[SODLQV WKH FDWHJRU\“We use it most for learner drivers who are having technical difficulties and cannot drive at home. They use some hours on the simulator on starting, stopping and gearing, and maybe we use 6 instead of 10 hours in a car afterwards”.
4 Safer work environment for the driver instructor.,WZDVSRLQWHGRXWWKDWWKHLQVWUXFWRUV KDGDSHUFHSWLRQRIDVDIHUZRUNGD\ZLWKWKHXVH RI D VLPXODWRU 7KLV ZDV H[SODLQHG DV WKH\ IRU LQVWDQFHGLGQRWKDYHWRJHWRXWLQWUDIILFWRVHDUFK IRU VLWXDWLRQV WKDW DUH QRW WRR XQVDIH EXW XQVDIH
HQRXJK IRU WKH OHDUQHU GULYHU WR HQFRXQWHU ULVN VLWXDWLRQVWRUHIOHFWXSRQ7KHLUILUVWPHHWLQJZLWK WKHVH VLWXDWLRQV FRXOG EH LQ D VLPXODWRU ZLWK DQ LQVWUXFWRU SULRU WR EHLQJ RXW RQ WKH URDG 7KH LQVWUXFWRUWKHQNQHZDELWPRUHDERXWWKHOHDUQHU dULYHU’VUeactioQWRVucKVLWXDWLRQVDQGFRXOGEH PRUH DW HDVH ZKHQ RXW LQ WUDIILF. 7KHVH TXRWHV LOOXVWUDWH WKLV “It would have been a more comfortable workday for me if the learner driver knew some course stability for instance beforehand from a simulator. Just had practiced on keeping the car in a straight line on the road.
It would make both me and the learner driver more relaxed” DQG“If the learner driver for instance knew a little about duty to yield right-of- way in the simulator, it would be better when we were to conduct it in a car, because the learner driver might have better control on who to stop for”.
4. Discussion
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4.2Implications
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4.3Further research
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5. Conclusion
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